Q7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Q7 - Essay Example We can not say with certainty that the specific programming environment is best for particular use. Here we have variety of programming environments that are functional and efficient in diverse domains. Their working power is linked to the area of the system development. So the choice of a best programming environment is possible to a definite aspect of system development and application development. Each programming environment is tied to specific domain of system development, like that web, desktop, scientific, real-time, etc. applications. There is no such excellent programming environment exist for the development of the all kinds and type of the applications (Bishop-Clark et al. 2006). Integrated Development Environment or IDE software is fundamentally software or programs to develop/build other programs or applications. They are usually software editing location by means of advance tools to aid the developers and programmers to write and develop the code speedily as well as proficiently. For instance PHP is an IDE system that is capable to build PHP driven website applications by means of a blend of PHPEclipse and Eclipse (Des Rivià ¨res & Wiegand, 2004). Here main advantage we have is regarding the less time and effort for the software development and execution. These applications of Integrated Development Environment systems typically proffer assortment of facilities and attributes for the effectual execution as well as coding (development) of the applications. These features facilitate the coders, programmers, and developers to take the advantages regarding the less time and effort for the software development. The intact design with an Integrated Development Environment can be built or developed quickly as well as easily. Its features and tools are believed to ease the management stop happening mistakes, resources as well as offer shortcuts (Des Rivià ¨res & Wiegand, 2004). The

The Representation of Youth Through the Media Essay

The Representation of Youth Through the Media - Essay Example Even though both boys and girls are exploited for visual media advertisements, the number of girls used for this purpose seems to be extremely more than that of the boys. Female body is considered as one of the most beautiful things in this world and the exploitation of female body shapes for business purposes is growing day by day. In most of the films and television series, the story line would be something related to the teenagers. All the people, irrespective of age difference or sex difference, are interested in viewing programs related to the teenage community. In fact teenage is the golden era in the life of a person and therefore even old people like to see television serials and films related to teenage life to go through their beautiful memories. Media business people know this psychology very well and they often make films and TV serials which exaggerate teenage life styles and their life philosophies. Thus, in most of the visual media, teenager representation or youth rep resentation seems to be far from reality. This paper analyses teenage representation in media, especially in the visual media, like television programs and films. Representation of youth in visual media According to Taylor & Lisa Taylor (Author) †º Visit Amazon's Lisa Taylor PageWillis (1999), â€Å"Both television programs and films are produced with their contrasting contexts of consumption in mind† (Taylor & Lisa Taylor (Author) †º Visit Amazon's Lisa Taylor PageWillis, 1999, p.3). It should be noted that both television programs and films are viewed by people of different kinds. However, television programs are mostly viewed by a family as a whole whereas films are viewed individually in most of the cases. For example, people like to see adult movies or films privately rather than publicly. On the other hand television serials are mostly watched in groups. Thus, television program producers usually avoid the intrusion of sex contents as much as possible whereas film makers may not obey such unwritten rules. In short, both television programs and films are made in different contexts. For example, Saved by the Bell is an American television program that telecasted between 1989 and 1993. This TV series followed the exploits of several students along with their principal at fictional Bayside High School. Each season of the series basically represented a year of high school for the students, plus summer vacations, ending with their graduation. The sitcom name is an idiom for being saved, by a school bell ringing, when a student is unprepared to answer a question asked near the end of a classroom period (Mashable, 2012). Even though the major theme of this serial was the stupid things performed by teenagers during their school days, it attracted all people because of the comedies involved in it. It should be noted that all people may experience such stupid things in their teenage life and old people was very much interested in viewing this TV se rial because of their interests in rewinding their old memories in teenage life. â€Å"While for some reason the main characters here are like the most popular people in school you might or might not relate with that but you could at times relate with what's going on in their lives† (Saved by the Bell, n.d.). All people like to see the stupidity others. For example, most of the people like to see the slipping and falling of another person even though they may not

Relationship Between Sedentary Lifestyle and Obesity

Relationship Between Sedentary Lifestyle and Obesity Topic: Is the rise in Childhood Obesity a result of a sedentary lifestyle or due to pre-disposing factors? Executive Summary This review examines the relationship that predisposing factors and sedentary lifestyles have on childhood obesity. The authors of the article Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes, state that there is not just one factor that is responsible for the high rates of childhood obesity. The authors conclude that, Many complementary changes have simultaneously increased childrens energy intake and decreased their energy expenditure (Anderson, 2006). Numerous programs and research has been done in efforts to reduce the incidence rates of children with obesity. In order to better control this epidemic we must raise awareness around issues related to childhood obesity. Predisposing factors and sedentary lifestyles play an important role in the rising incidence rates of childhood obesity. However, one cannot attribute this rise solely to either one of these contributing factors. Problem Statement America has always been known for the sedentary lifestyles of its overweight citizens. Despite hundreds of advertised diets and work out programs, America is still leading the nation in the number of people who are obese (Obesity Statistics, 2010). Why would one want to eat healthy when its less expensive to eat unhealthy, and so easy to skip workouts? Technological advances have caused Americans to embrace a lifestyle that nurtures obesity. Children no longer play outside, they now spend hours watching TV and playing video games. Background Daily participation in school physical education among adolescents dropped 14 percentage points over the last 13 years from 42% in 1991 to 28% in 2003.26 In addition, less than one-third (28%) of high school students meet currently recommended levels of physical activity (Contributing Factors , 2009). About a quarter of children in the U.S. are overweight and approximately 1/10 are obese (Akhtar-Danesh, Dehghan, Merchant, 2005). Research done regarding twins reveals that genetic factors can contribute to obesity (Bouchard Loos, 2003). Obesity in adults can lead to major medical issues that can increase morbidity.. Childhood obesity has a strong linkage to adult obesity. (Speiser et. al, 2005) Framework The theoretical approach for this paper was based on the Health Belief Model. The Health Belief Model states that people have to be inspired in order to alter their behaviors (National Cancer Institute , 2005). In order to decrease the number of obese children in America, children must be motivated to change their behaviors. These include behaviors that put them at risk for obesity. They must feel inspired to lose weight by altering their lifestyle and incorporating more physical activity into their daily agenda. So that we can decrease the number of obese children in America, we must recognize the impact of the disease on our children and the future of America. Only then, will we be motivated to change and able to encourage our children to change. Literature Review The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students This article gives important and astronomical facts about the obesity epidemic in the United States. Among high school students, in 2009, after a Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was able to reveal several unhealthy dietary behaviors and a lack of physical activity. It was rather disturbing. The survey revealed that high school students, during the seven days before the survey, indulged in carbonated beverages and ate less fruits and vegetables. During the seven days before the survey, there was also a limited amount of 100% fruit juices drank and/or fruit eaten. Prior to the seven days before the survey, some of the high school students didnt participate in, at least, sixty minutes of physical activity on any given day. Physical education classes were not attended either. The focus, it appeared, was more on watching television and utilizing computers. The CDC offered, what would be assumed by most adults, reasonable solutions. It was suggested that the students be placed in healthier educational environments, receive better health education, and more physical activity programs. Along with what the CDC revealed about the survey, The School Health Policies and Programs Study in 2006 indicated that more students were able to purchase sodas or fruit drinks and less 100% fruit juices. However, nutrition services did offer more vegetables and gave the high school students the option to choose between different fruits. The choice was offered, in some schools, for students to participate in intramural activities or physical activity clubs. (The Obesity Epidemic and United States Students, 2010) Obesity Prevalence among Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children United States, 19982008 This article reports the results of a study done regarding the presence of obesity and racial/ethnic disparities in pre-school aged children. The study looked closely at the racial/ethnic differences and early-life risk factors for childhood obesity. During this study, a total of 1343 white, 355 black, and 128 Hispanic mother-child pairs were studied (Obesity Prevalence Among Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children United States, 19982008, 2009). The major findings were risk factors that started prenatally up to 4 years of age. The results of the study revealed that black and Hispanic children displayed a number of risk factors related to childhood obesity. Some of those risk factors included increased rates of depression and rapid weight gain. It was also presumed that black and Hispanic mothers introduced solid foods to their infants prior to the appropriate months of age. As the children reached two years old, they were introduced to more sugar-sweetened beverages. Fast food appeared to be the first choice of foods. In conclusion, the study did in fact; show significant differences in risk factors for obesity in black and Hispanic children. It was discovered the risk factors for obesity are present prenatally as well as throughout childhood. Facts for Families Obesity in Children and Teens This article was very informative. It opens up with a shocking fact and number; unhealthy weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year (Obesity in Children and Teens, 2008) I discovered that obesity is more than just a pound or more of extra weight. Based on this article, obesity in children normally begins in early childhood ages. If the child continues to display no change in obesity before or during pre-teen years, then he or she is more than likely to become an obese adult. The article gives several possible causes of obesity relating to instances such as; lack of exercise, family and peer problems, low self esteem, depression or other emotional problems, and overeating or binging (Obesity in Children and Teens, 2008). When dealing with obesity, if the parent(s) and children are not careful, there are a number of consequences including: trouble sleeping, mental, physical, and emotional. The author explains how obesity can be managed and treated in children and adolescents. However, the author also expresses how its easy for the child and/or adolescent to gain the weight back. It is important that old habits of eating and exercising not resurface. The author states, An obese adolescent must therefore learn to eat and enjoy healthy food in moderate amount and to exercise regularly to maintain the desired weight (Obesity in Children and Teens, 2008). Weighing the Risk Factors The writer displayed a picture of a handsome toddler with obvious weight issues. The child appeared to be happy but after reading the article, I discovered that this child is at very high risk of remaining obese through his adolescence years and into adulthood. It is suggested that efforts to prevent childhood obesity should begin far earlier than currently thought-perhaps even before birth (Burton, 2010). Obesity is affecting more minority children than white children. Beginning at infancy and even pregnancy, studies were revealed and proved that minority children are at a higher risk for obesity. The author points out that socioeconomic status may be a possible risk factor. There have been theories provided that state limited access to health care, poverty, and low educational levels are contributing factors for obesity in minority children. The writers suggest, The risk factors stem from behaviors and habits passed from generation to generation or that may be culturally embedded (Burton, 2010) The Role of Media in Childhood Obesity This article summarizes findings from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics findings on the role of the media in childhood obesity. Data reported from CDC dating back to 1980 indicates that the number of obese children ages 6-11 has increased by twice as much. This data also indicates that the number of adolescent youth has increased by 3 times as much (The Role of Media in Childhood Obesity, 2004) The American Academy of Pediatrics states, The increase on childhood obesity represents an unprecedented burden on childrens health. (The Role of Media in Childhood Obesity, 2004) This article also explains the importance of relevant policy recommendations for change. The following policy recommendations were listed: reduction in commercials for food that are aimed at children, increase education campaigns and encourage healthy eating and more exercise, incorporate more communications regarding healthy eating to television episodes, and encourage interventions that decrease the amount of time children access media, The article states many contributing factors to the increased numbers of overweight children. The article lists these factors as, reduction in physical education classes and after school athletic programs, an increase in the availability of sodas and snacks in public schools, the growth in the number of fast-food outlets across the country, the trend toward super sizing food portions, and the increasing number of highly processed high-calorie and high-fat grocery products. (The Role of Media in Childhood Obesity, 2004). The article lists food advertisements as the number one factor that media contributes to childhood obesity. The article states that the number of TV commercials has increased by 2 times as much in the last 40 years. New Data Analysis Shows Possible Link between Childhood Obesity and Allergies This article expresses a new indicator that may reduce childhood obesity. A study published in an issue of the Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunology states , that obese children and adolescents are at increased risk of having some kind of allergy, especially to a food (New Data Analysis Shows Possible Link between Childhood Obesity and Allergies , 2009) It is said to be some sort of connection between asthma and allergies in obese children and adolescents. This study was supported and led by the NEIS and NHANES. The researchers analyzed data from more than four- thousand children. They looked at and compared allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) or antibody levels to a large panel of indoor, outdoor and food allergens, body weight, and responses to a questionnaire about diagnoses of hay fever, eczema, and allergies. Obesity was defined as being in the 95th percentile of the body mass index for childs age. The researchers found the IgE levels were higher among children who were obese or overweight. Obese children were about 26 percent more likely to have allergies than children of normal weight (New Data Analysis Shows Possible Link between Childhood Obesity and Allergies , 2009). There are more studies expected to take place on this and there will continue to be a need to try and determine how environmental factors affect the epidemic of child and adolescent obesity. Obesity Prevalence Among Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children United States, 1998-2008 This article gives details of the affects of low-income and minority obese children. There is data presented by the CDCs Pediatric Nutrition Survelliance System (PedNSS). The CDC examined trends and discovered that obesity prevalence among low-income, preschool-aged children increased steadily from 12.4% in 1998 to 14.5% in 2003, but subsequently remained essentially the same, with a 14.6% prevalence in 2008 (Obesity Prevalence Among Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children United States, 19982008, 2009). It is suggested that there should be strategic planning of an effective intervention that will focus on environments and policies that promote physical activity and a healthy diet for families, child care centers, and communities. There were several additional studies mentioned and all concluding the same necessary strategic planning to fight the epidemic of childhood obesity. Overweight in Early Childhood Increases Chances for Obesity at Age 12 The article is conveying the same message about childhood obesity that many researchers focusing on this epidemic continue to convey. Children who are overweight as toddlers, infants, or preschoolers are more likely to be obese or overweight as an adolescence. However in this article, gives brief descriptions of recent analysis that focus more on frequent intervals of data collected on children from the age of two through the age of twelve years of age. This analysis was also done over an extended period of time. The analysis revealed that overweight children in early childhood increases chances for obesity at age 12. (Overweight in Early Childhood Increases Chances for Obesity at Age 12, 2006) Hypothesis Topic: Is the rise in Childhood Obesity a result of a sedentary lifestyle or due to pre-disposing factors? Research shows that rising number of obese children cannot be attributed solely to sedentary lifestyle or to predisposing factors. The research sites a number of factors that attribute to the childhood obesity epidemic. Careful examination of the lifestyle factors and predisposing factor for obesity of todays youth is essential in finding a way to decrease these rates. Policy Recommendations The following recommendations may be helpful in addressing childhood obesity in the United States: Policies addressing childhood obesity must take into consideration the many different factors that contribute to this epidemic. Policy makers must be aware of the predisposing factors that may contribute to the disease. It is imperative that parents who show risk factors of having obese children receive an intervention while the child is still young. Programs designed to deal with childhood obesity must look at the lifestyle of the child and the parent, genetic factors, and economic status. Healthy foods are often more expensive that unhealthy foods. We must find ways to make healthy foods available and affordable for our children. Careful consideration must be taken in dealing with children who may be obese due to genetic factors. Policy makers must be aware of the affects of the media on obesity. There has to be some control placed on advertisement for unhealthy snacks and meals that are geared towards young children. The media should be encouraged to have more positive roles for characters that do not fit in the ideal weight category. The media can also use celebrities and musicians to positively promote healthy foods and a healthy lifestyle. The most important recommendation is that policy makers are aware that proper planning and implementation of programs nation -wide will be needed to decrease the number s of children with obesity. This will take time. This will also take a joint effort from parents, churches, state and federal governments, and community advocates. We must make this a priority in order to insure the health of our nation in the future. Working citizens should be aware of the possible financial burden that this disease could end up being if we do not address it in the near future. Health care costs are rising on a daily basis. We must ensure that we are financially able to handle this epidemic in the future. If prevention programs are not put in place, todays obese youth will be tomorrows obese adults. These obese adults of the future may possibly give birth to obese children. We must stop this endless cycle and control this epidemic for our children.

Free Grapes of Wrath Essays: Contrasting Rich and Poor :: Grapes Wrath essays

Contrasting Rich and Poor in Grapes of Wrath One of the ironies of Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath was that, as Ma Joad said, "If your in trouble or hurt or need -- go to poor people. They're the only ones that'll help -- the only ones."(pg 335) The irony is that if you need something you have to go to the people who have nothing. There are many examples of this in the book. The first example of this is at the truck station in chapter 15 when the restaurant owner and waitress give the family bread at a discounted rate, and candy two for a penny when it is actually nickel candy. The truck drivers then leave large tips to the waitress. Neither the truck driver nor the restaurant owner and waitress are very rich but they are generous anyway. In chapter seventeen the person at the car dump gives Tom and Al things for way discounted rates. Ma Joad is also an example of this. The Joads are poor and yet they give what little they have to the children who need it. They also stay and help the Wilsons when it just slowed them down. Another example is when the small land owner that Tom first gets work warns them of the plot of the Farmer's Association to raid the government camp. The clerk in the company store in chapter twenty-four is also generous, lending Ma ten cents so that she can get sugar for the coffee. These acts of generosity are contrasted to how the rich people are trying to rip off the migrants. Chapter seven shows how the car dealer rip the people off by selling them pieces of junk for high prices. They use cheep tricks such as pouring sawdust into the gears or transmission to cut down the noise of the car and hide problems. They take advantage of the tenant farmers ignorance of cars and interest rates to make a profit. Chapter nine shows how junk dealers bought all the things from the tenant farmers at a very low price. The farmers have to leave and can't take the stuff with them, so they take advantage of the fact that the farmers have no choice but to sell them at whatever price they name. Chapters nineteen, twenty-one, and twenty-five are general chapters that show how the large land owners are cheating the migrants and smaller land owners to make a larger profit.

Brand Association

BRAND ASSOCIATIONS AND CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS OF VALUE OF PRODUCTS BY NZUKI KITHUNG’A PETER UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI PAPER PRESENTED TO SUPPLY OF ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS (SAP) CONTENTS Page 1. Background Meaning of a brand and Its Importance 2. Theoretical Framework on Brand Associations Perceptual Dimensions of Brand Associations Brand Associations and Value Creation Brand Association and Value Creation Model 3. Measurement of Brand Associations Less Structured Approaches Structured Approaches 4. Research in Brand Associations Brand Extensions Branding Country ofOrigin Celebrity Brand Preferences Product Attributes Brand Associations and Brand Equity 5. Critique of Research in Brand Associations Techniques used Operational Definitions Clarity of Image Brand Association Strength Other Constructs Moderating Variables 6. Future Research Directions Theoretical and Practical constructs Techniques Used Multiple Segments Industrial goods and Services 7. References 3 4 9 10 12 14 15 2 1. 0 Introduction A successful brand is the most valuable resource a company has. In fact, one authority speculates that brands are so valuable that companies will soon include a â€Å"statement of value† addendum to their balance sheets to include intangibles such as the value oftheir brands. Brands are used as external cues to taste, design, qualify, prestige, value and so forth. In other words, consumers associate the value of a product with the brand. For example, the value of Kodak, Sony, Coca-cola, Toyota and Marlboro is indisputable. One estimate of the value of Coca-cola, the world’s most valuable brand, places it at over $35 billion. How does a brand create value to the customer? Why do certain brands have more value than others? Naturally, companies with such strong brands strive to use those brands globally (extend them). The purpose of this paper is to review literature on the core associations ofbrands used to position brands as strategies to create competitive advantages. 1. 1 Meaning of a brand and Its Importance A brand is a distinguishing name and/or symbol! ntended to identity the goods or services of either one seller or a group of sellers, and to differentiate those goods or services from those of competitors (Aaker, 1991; Stanton, 1994, and Kotler, 1996). A brand thus signals to the customer the source ofthe product, and protects both the customer and the producer from competitors who would attempt to provide products that appear to be identical. Ancient history provides evidence of the impor tance of brands. In those days, names were put on such goods as bricks in order to identify their maker (Farquhar, 1989). It is also known that trade guilds in medieval Europe used trademarks to assure the customer and provide legal protection to the producer. In the early sixteen-century, Whisky distillers shipped their products in wooden barrels with the name of the producer burned 3 into the barrel. The name showed the consumer who the maker (brewer) was and prevented the substitution of cheaper products. In 1835, a brand of scotch called â€Å"Old Smuggler† was introduced in order to capitalize on the quality reputation developed by bootleggers who used a special distilling process (Aaker, 1991). Although brands have long had a role to play in commerce, it was not until the twentieth century that branding and brand association became so central to competitors. In fact, a distinguishing characteristic of modern marketing has been its focus upon the creation of differentiated brand associations to accentuate the bases of differentiation. The idea has been to move beyond commodities to branded products – to reduce the primary of price upon the purchase decision. Consumers associate the value of the product with the brand. The brand can convey either a positive or a negative message about the product to the consumer (Kim and Chung, 1997, p. 361). The underlying value of a brand is often based upon specific association of a â€Å"use context† such as heart attack prevention can provide a reason-to-buy which can attract customers. Such an association represents the product’s meaning to customers. Brand associations represent bases for purchase decision and for brand loyalty. There are a host of possible associations that a firm can build in a brand. Not all associations need to be built but rather those that directly or indirectly affect consumers’ buying behaviour. Product attributes (customer benefits) are an important class of associations, but there are others that can be important in some contexts (Aaker, p. 114). The following section deals with the brand associations that a firm can build and how they create value to both the firm and consumer. 2. Theoretical Framework on Brand Associations 2. 1 Perceptual Dimensions of Brand Associations As noted elsewhere in this paper, brand association is anything that is linked in memory to a brand (Aaker, p. 09). The association reflect the fact products are used to express lifestyles whereas other associations reflect social positions, and professional roles. Still others will reflect associations involving product applications, types of people who might use the product, stores that carry the product, or salespeople who handle the product or even the country of origin. Kelle r (1998) defines brand associations as informational nodes linked to the brand node in memory that contains the meaning of the brand for 4 consumers. These associations include perceptions of brand quality and attitudes towards the brand. Keller and Aaker both appear to hypothesize that consumer perceptions of brand are multi-dimensional yet many of the dimensions they identify appear to be very similar. The image that a good or a service has in the mind of the consumer how it is – positioned probably more important to its ultimate success than are its actual characteristics. Marketers try to position their brands so that they are perceived by the consumer to fit a distinctive niche in the marketplace a niche occupied by no other – product (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1994) According to Aaker (1991) there are at least nine brand associations. The associations convey either the concept, or the meaning of the product in terms of how it fulfils a customers need. In todays highly competitive environment a distinctive product image is most important. As products become more complex and the market place more crowded, consumers rely more on the products image than its actual attributes in making purchase decisions. One of the brand associations that a firm can use in differentiating its product is Customer benefit Customer benefit refers to the need that is satisfied by a product. For example, cavity control by a toothpaste is a customer benefit. Customer benefit may be rational, psychological (emotional) benefit, or self- expressive benefit. A rational benefit is closely linked to a product’s attribute and would be part of a â€Å"rational† decision process. A psychological benefit relates to what feelings are engendered when buying and! or using the brand (Aaker, p. 1 19). An example of a rational benefit for a computer to a consumer would be its ability not to loose work whereas a psychological benefit would be the feeling of being professional. For a car, the emotional benefit would be the feeling of safety when driving it as a driver of a Volvo car would testify. The self-expressive benefit relates to the ability of a brand to help a consumer to communicate his or her self-image. Since consumers have multiple roles, the consumer has an associated self-concept and a need to express that self-concept. The purchase and use of brands is one way to ftilfil the need for self-expression (Aaker, 1991). He gives the example of a consumer who may define him/herselfas successful and powerful by driving a Mercedes Benz, 5 Product attributes These refer to a product’s characteristics. Attributes are associated with a product’s rational benefit. For example, a Volvo car’s attribute is durability. Similarly, a shampoo’s attribute would be its safety to use every day. A marketer requires to identify an attribute that is important to a major segment and not already claimed by a competitor, e. g an attribute that offers something extra (like features or services that offer something better). The identification of an unmet customer problem can sometimes lead to an attribute previously ignore by competitors (Aaker, p. 115). Indeed, unmet needs are strategically important because they can represent opportunities for firms that want to make major moves in the market. Use / application A marketer can associate a brand with a particular use or application. For example, a beer can be associated with good friends in a warm social setting. A study of the coffee market revealed that there were nine relevant use contexts for coffee (Glen, et al, 1984). User / Customer Another way of positioning a brand is to associate it with a type ofuser or customer. This involves identifying the brand with its target segment. For example, a brand can be associated with those who are interested in weight control as would be the case of a new drug. Celebrity /Celebritv This is the individual who endorses a brand. Linking a celebrity with a brand can transfer associations such as reliability, strength, performance, and so on. The extend to which the association can be linked to the celebrity depends on how credible the person is perceived by the audience. Specifically, a source is more persuasive when the audience perceives him or her as highly credible than when perceived s being low in credibility (DeLozier, 1976). In other words, the person need not be credible but it is how the consumers perceive him. Lifestyle / Personality ‘The brand can be viewed as a person. Like a person, a brand can be perceived as being competent, trustworthy, active, or youthful (Aaker, 1996). A brand personality may help communicate a product’s attribute and thus contribute to a functional benefit. Similarly, it can help create a self-expressive benefit that becomes a vehicle for the customer to express his or her own personality. Compe titors A firm positions its brand using the organization’s attributes such as innovation, a drive for quality, and a concern for the environment. A firm can position its brand with respect to a competitor. Sometimes it is not important how good customers think a firm is, but how they believe it is better than a given competitor. While this brand association can be accomplished by comparative advertising, it is not usually allowed in some countries (Cateora, 1996). Country of Origin One more strategic option that a marketer has is to associate a brand with a country. The country of origin has an effect on the market’s perception of a product either a positive – or a negative perception. Cateora (1996) asserts that a company competing in global markets may manufacture products world-wide and when the customer becomes aware of the country of origin, there is the possibility that the place of manufacture will affect product/brand image (p. 349). The influence may be to add credibility or to lower it. 2. 2 Brand Association and Value Creation Brand associations are useful to marketers. Marketers use brand associations to differentiate, position, and extend brands, to create positive attitudes and feelings towards brands, and to suggest attributes or benefits of purchasing or using a specific brand (Aaker, 1991). However, brand associations are of more use to the customer than the marketer. The way a brand association creates value to the customer will depend on the customer’s perception of value. For each individual, reality is a totally personal phenomenon, based on that person’s needs, wants, and personal experiences. Customers 7 everywhere respond to images, myths, and metaphors that help them define their personal identities. Thus, different customers will perceive reality differently. Indeed, Schiffrnan & Kanuk et al (1996, p. 61) contends that although two individuals may be subject to the same stimuli under apparently the same conditions, the way they recognize them, select them, organize them, and interpret them is a highly individual process based on each person’s own needs, values, and expectations. The underlying value of a brand name often is its set of associations — its meaning to people. Associations, according to Aaker (1991) represent the bases fo r purchase decisions and for brand loyalty. There are a host of possible associations and a variety of ways they can provide value (p. 110). He identifies the following as the possible ways in which associations create value to the customer: helping to process / retrieve information about a brand; generating a reason to buy, and creating positive attitudes / feelings. 2. 3 Brand Associations and Value of Products Model Brand associations help consumers judge the value of a product. For example, country of origin influences consumers in making judgements as to whether a product is of value or not. Consumers tend to have broad but somewhat vague stereotypes about specific countries and specific brands that they judge â€Å"best†. For example, French perfume, Italian leather, Japanese electronics and so on (Cateora, 1996; p. 349). Using the example of country of origin as a basis forjudging value of products, a model for brand associations and consumer perceptions of value of products can be depicted schematically as in the following diagram (Figure 1) Associations †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Product attributes Relative price Use / Application User / Customer Celebrity / Person Life Style/Personality Competitions Country of Origin †¢ Value Process / Retrieve Information †¢ Reason-to-buy Create Positive attitudes †¢ Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the effects of brand association on perceived value. 8 The model shows that a product is of value to the customer and hence it can be bought to satisfy a need depending on its attributes, its use, or whether it can be associated with a particular customer group. Similarly, a consumer will consider a product as being valuable if he/she can associate it with a certain celebrity, lifestyle or country of’ origin. Proponents of brand positioning suggest that brands should develop distinct images and that these images will attract specific consumer segment (Hoek, et al, 2000). Consequently, the consumer segment will see the brand as being valuable to them. How’ do marketers determine the brand associations that convey the value of a brand to the consumer? Association research (research on brand associations) is important to marketers since they would want to gain an insightful picture of how a brand is perceived by consumers as well as its competitors. The techniques that have been utilized by firms to measure brand associations form part of the next section. 3. Measurement of Brand Associations One of the key functions of brand management is to keep one jump ahead ofcompetitors by imprinting the brand firmly on the consumer psyche — and keep it there (Emerald, 2000). A firm therefore requires understanding consumer perceptions of its brand(s) visa-avis those of competitors. This calls for the measurement of brand associations. The techniques used to achieve this objective can be grouped into two categories structured and structured techniques ( Aaker, 1991; Low & Lamb, 2000). — less- 3. 1 Projective Techniques The central feature of all projective techniques is the presentation ot’an ambiguous, unstructured object, activity, or person that a respondent is asked to interpret and explain (Aaker, et al, 1998). These writers argue that projective techniques are used when it is believed that respondents will not or cannot respond meaningfully to direct questions about (1) the reasons for certain behaviours or attitudes or (2) what the act ofbuying, owning, or using a brand means to them (p. 1 98). Respondents may be unwilling or unable to reveal feelings, thoughts, and attitudes when asked direct questions for a number of reasons. First, they may be unwilling because they feel the information is 9 embarrassing or private (Aaker, 1991; p 136). Alternatively, respondents may simply b unable to provide information as to why they buy certain items because they do not kno tile real reasons. Man of projective techniques employed in the measurement of brand associations are meant to address problems aforementioned since they allow the respondent to project h self or him-self into a context, which bypasses the inhibitions, or limitations of more direct questioning (Aaker, p. 136). The techniques involve focusing on a discussion upo the use experience, the decision process, the brand user, or off- the- wall perspectives such as considering the brand to be a person or an animal. Another characteristic of projection research is the use of ambiguous stimuli, wherein there is freedom to project experiences, attitudes, and perceptions. There are many projective (indirect) approaches to understanding brand associations. The commonly used methods are word association, picture completion, Thematic Apperception Tests, sentence completion, and story completion (Aaker, 1991; Kotler an Armstrong, 1996; Aaker, et a! 1998). 3. 2 Structured Approaches According to Aaker (1991), structured approaches involve scaling brands upon a set of dimensions. He argues that scaling approaches are more objective and reliable than qualitative approaches since they are less vulnerable to subjective interpretation. Scaling consumer perceptions involves the determination of perceptual dimensi ons, identification of the target segment. and the interpretation ofthe brand profiles. The perceptual dimensions may include the product attributes and benefits, user ofthe brand, or relevant competitors (Day, et al, 1979). Scaling methods that marketers have utilized include semantic differential (Fry and Claxton, 1971), Likert scale, conjoint analysis, and natural grouping (Aaker, 1991). 4. Research in Brand Associations Research interest in branding continues to be strong in the marketing literature (Alden, et, al, 1999; Kirmani, et al, 1999). Likewise, marketing managers continue to realize the power of brands manifest in the recent efforts of many companies to build strong Internet â€Å"brands† such as amazon. com and msn. com (Narisetti, 1998). The way consumers perceive brand is a key determinant of long-term business — consumer relationships. Hence, building strong brand perceptions is a top priority for many firms today (Morris. 1996). Many of the studies involving brands have focused on the product attributes or benefits. Aaker and Stayman (1991) conducted a study to test whether two brands of beer had established associations with their use contexts in terms of whether the consumers felt â€Å"warm†, â€Å"friendly†, â€Å"healthy†, and â€Å"wholesome† in using the beers. They employed picture interpretation as a technique to achieve their objective. The findings were that one brand ofbeer was associated with â€Å"warm† and â€Å"friendly† dimensions whereas the other brand was evaluated higher on â€Å"healthy† and â€Å"wholesome†. Hoek et al (2000) using qualitative interviews examined the descriptive and evaluative attributes employed by consumers in choosing products of value to them. Their findings revealed that descriptive attributes determine the proportion of consumers who hold favourable attitudes about the brand. However, the findings did not provide knowledge on how descriptive attributes affect consumer’s behaviour. Although descriptive attributes could be predicted, the attributes had only a weak relationship with usage behaviour and so provided brand managers with little guidance. Again, the study suggested that longitudinal work was required to examine whether over time, users of a product category who associate descriptive attributes with a brand they do not currently use eventually go on to purchase that brand. While many studies have focused product attributes, others have pursued the line of brand extensions (Keller, 1990; Smith and Park, 1992; Broniarczyk and Alba, 1994, Srinivas, et al, 1994). Others have tended to dwell on branding (Rooney, 1995) and brand preferences (Aireck and Settle, 1999). Studies that have focused specifically on brand associations are those of Kim and Chung (1997), Till (1998), and Chen (2001). Kim and Chung (1997) in their study on the effect of country of origin and the value ofa product identified that the brand can convey either a positive or negative message about the product to the consumer on the basis of where it is made. Till (1998) attempted to identify how celebrity endorsers can be used effectively in advertising. Although the study did not focus on the effect of celebrity as 11 creating the value of a product, it shed light on how endorsers can be used to help consumers to retrieve information on a brand to buy (a value to the consumer). Ihe study by (Then (2001) may be regarded as one of the studies that were directly related to brand associations and how they’ create value of products. The purpose of the research was to identif the types of brand associations and to examine the relationship hetween association characteristics and brand equity. The findings revealed that there were two brand associations brand’s equity — — functional attribute and organizational attribute that contribute to a either low or high equity. 5. Critique of the Researches in Brand Associations Marketing researchers have not used consistent definition or measurement technique to assess consumer perceptions of brands and the value they attach to such brands. Keller (1998) considers brand associations as consisting of brand image, brand knowledge, and brand awareness. He further says that brand associations include perceptions of brand quality and attitudes towards the brand, These constructs can be labelled as product attributes according to Kotler and Armstrong (1996). Yet Aaker (1991) clearly says that the concepts relate to distinct categories of brand associations, each signifying a different aspect ofthe brand. He argues that a brand manager will be primarily interested in those associations that directly or indirectly affect buying behaviour and whether they are strong and shared by many or weak and differ from person to person (p. 113). Keller and Aaker both appear to hypothesize those consumer perceptions ofbrands and hence associations are multi-dimensional, yet many of the dimensions they identify appear to be very similar. Furthermore, Aaker’s and Keller’s conceptualisation of consumers’ psychological representation of brands have not been subjected to empirical validation. Consequently, it is difficult to determine ifthe various concepts they discuss, such as brand attitudes, perceived quality, and customer benefits are separate dimensions of brand associations (multi-dimensional) as they propose, or they are simply indicators of brand associations (uni-dimensional). The second criticism levelled against studies on brand associations is the measurement techniques employed. Many of the methods used such as the projective techniques tend to be more subjective and employ small samples (Aaker, 1991). Even those that are 12 regarded as being objective and reliable than qualitative approaches i. e. , scaling methods face tile problem of validity. Aaker (1991) observes that there is always a concern with the validity of the scaling task. Can a respondent actually position beers on an â€Å"aged a long time† dimension? He observes that there is the possibility ofunfamiliaritv with one or more of the brands, The other problem is that the respondent may be unable to understand operationally what â€Å"aged† means, or how to evaluate a brand on this dimension (p. 151). Thus any ambiguity in the scale or inability of a respondent to use the scale will affect validity and reliability ofthe results. The measurement of brand associations needs to be done wit. h respect to a specified segment within the context of a competitive set of brands. This implies that brand associations and consumer perceptions of value ofproducts should be done for one segment. However, much of the time the scaling task should be done for multiple segments (Aaker, 1991). The implication here is that any relevant segment defined by age, income, usage rate will have different perceptions from others. Marketers may not only be interested in the associations with the brand but also with the association strength, that is, how confident the consumers are about the associations with the brand. Similarly, the marketer may be interested in understanding whether the consumers have a clear image of the brand association. There is yet another criticism on studies on brand associations. There appears to be other emerging constructs for brand associations. Aaker (1991) provides eleven types of brand associations, which Kotler and Armstrong (1996) consider to be part of the levels of a product. The question here is how significant these constructs are to a brand association measurement? Again, which associations discriminate between buyers and nonbuyers? Lastly, the model used as a basis for identifying brand associations and how they create the value of products is itself questionable. Narisetti (1998) observes that technology plays a big role in brand associations and value of products. Where does technology fit in the model? Similarly, familiarity with a brand appears to moderate the dimensionality ofbrand associations. Where can this aspect be shown in the model? 13 6. Future Research Directions There is growing importance ol brands and consumer perceptions ot brands among marketing researchers. To address this issue, marketers need to develop extensive conceptual treatments of brand and associations and related issues. To achieve this objective, it is imperative for the marketers to design practical measurement of the constructs. : number of’ studies that attempt to measure some aspect of consumer brand associations do not use consistent measurement techniques. Again, there is need to use methods that help in discriminating between brands. Indeed, Aaker (1991) argues that a major consideration is whether the perceptual dimensions discriminate between brands. Ifa measurement technique can be developed to help an attribute to discriminate, i. e.. set one brand off against another, it might be worth. He posits that factor analysis may be a useful tool in reducing a set of factors (associations) to a few factors or dimensions by combining the words or phrases whose meanings are similar (p. 149). Secondly, the empirical works operationally brand associations as uni-dimensional. Yet conceptual models depict the brand associations as multi-dimensional (Keller and Aaker, 1997). Third, marketers need to employ multiple segments in measuring the usefulness of brand associations in helping consumers on the choice of products As noted earlier, any relevant segment defined by age, lifestyle, or user status may well have different erceptions from others. For example, the user and nonuser groups quite often differ in their brand perceptions (Aaker, 1991, p. 151). Lastly, may of the studies have focused on consumer goods Specifically, many have been carried among fast-moving consumer goods (brands with short consumption cycles that are tvpicafly bought from supermarkets) (Hoek, et al, 2000). There is need to focus on industrial goods or on services. It is therefore proposed that a research aimed at identifying the brand associations of industrial goods or services would be more beneficial to academicians and practitioners. 4 REFERENCES Aaker, D. A (1991), Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the value of a Brand Name (New York: the Free Press) Aaker, D. A; Kumar, Wiley & Sons, Inc. ) Aaker, D. A (1996), Building Strong Brands (New York: The Free Press) Alden, D. L, Steenkamp, J. B. E and Batra, R (1999) â€Å"Brand Positioning through Advertising in Asia, North America, and Europe:The Role qf Global (‘it/lure† Journal of Marketing, Vol. 63, January. Alreck, P. L and Settle, R. B (1999) â€Å"Strategies forBuilding Consumer Brand Preference† Journal of Product and Brand Management, ‘ol. No. 2 Badri, M. A; Davis, D. L and Davis, D. F (1995) â€Å"Decision Supportfor Global Marketing Strategies: The Effect of Country of Origin on Product Evalua tion† Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 4 No. 5 Broniarczyk, S. M and Alba, J. W (1994) â€Å"The Importance of Journal of Marketing Research, May Brandin Brand Extension† ‘, and Day. G. S (1998), Marketing Research (New York: John Calderon, H; Cervera, A and Molla, A (1997) â€Å"BrandAssessment: A Key Element of Marketing Strategy† Journal of Product and Brand Management Vol. 6 No. 5 Cateora, P (1996) International Marketing (New York: McGraw Hill) Chen, A. C (2001) â€Å"Using Free Association to Examine the Relationship between the Characteristics ofBrand Associations andBrand Equity† Journal of Product and Brand Management Vol. 10 No. 7 Chernatony, L and McDonald, M (2000) Creating Powerful Brands (London: Butterworth-Heinemann) Day, G. S; Shocker, A. D and Srivastava, R. K (1979) â€Å"Customer-oriented Approache. c to Identifying ProductMarkets† JoLirnal of Marketing, Vol. 43, Fall in Aaker, D. A (1991) Managing Brand Equity (New York: The Free Press) Fry, J. N and Claxton, J. D (1971) â€Å"Semantic Differential and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling Descriptions of Brand Imagesâ€Å", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 8, May Hoek, J; Dunnet, J; Wright, M and Gendall, P (2000), â€Å"Descriptive and Evaluative Attributes: What Relevance to Marketers? † Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 9 No. 6 Kapferer, J (1997), Strategic Brand Management (London: Kogan Page Ltd) 15 Kirmani, A; Sood, S and Bridges, S (1999) â€Å"The Ownership Effect in Consumer Responses to Brand Line Stretches’ Journal of Marketing, Vol. 3 January. Kim, C. K and Chung, J. Y (1997) â€Å"Brand Popularity, Country Image and Market Share: An Empirical Study Journal ofInternational Business Studies, 2nd Quarter. â€Å", Kotler, P and Armstrong, G (1996). Principles of Marketing (New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India) Lederer, C and Hill, S â€Å"See Your Brands’ Through Your Customers Eyes† Harvard Business Review, June 2001 Lim, K and O’Cass, A (2001) â€Å"Consumer Brand Classifications: An Assessment of Culture of Origin versus Country of Origin Journal ofProduct and Brand Management, Vol. 0 No. 2 â€Å", Maklan, S and Knox, S (1997), â€Å"Reinventing the Brand: Bridging the Gap between Customer and Brand value Journal of Product and Braiid Management, Vol. 6 No. 2 â€Å", Narisetti, R (1998), â€Å"New and Improve† The Wall Street Journal, 16 November Nilson, T. H (1999) Competitive Branding (New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd) Quester, P and Farrelly, F (1998), â€Å"Brand Asociatnand Memory Decay Effects of Sponsorship: The Case of the Australian Formula One Grand Prix† Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 7 No, 6 Rooney, J. A (1995), â€Å"Branding: A Trendfor Today and Tomorrow Product and Brand Management, Vol. 4 No. 4 â€Å", Journal of Schiffman, L. G and Kanuk, L. L. (1996) Consumer Behaviour (New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India) Smith, D. C and Park, W. C (1992), â€Å"The Effects ofBrand Extensions on Market Share and Advertising Efficiency† Journal of Marketing Research, August. Stanton, W. J. Etzel, l. J and Walker. BJ (1994) Fundamentals of Marketing (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. ) Till, B. D (1998) Using Celebrity Endorsers Effectively: Lessonsfrom Associative Learning Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 7 No. 5

What Is Meant and How Can Government Attempt to Correct It?

What is meant by market failure and how can government attempt to correct it? Market failure occurs when there is no economic efficiency within a market. Whereas government intervention is put in use when a market may not always allocate scarce resources efficiently in a way that achieves the highest total social welfare. Monopolies are one of the main causes of market failure. Monopolies are firms whom have eliminated all, if not, most competitors within that market leaving them with most control within that market.The main reason why monopolies are negative within the economy is because they dictate pricing. After having eliminated most competitors, they then can start to charge whatever price they want for a product as the consumers can’t go elsewhere. As well as having increased the price of a product, they now have caused a limit in choice for the consumer. This is because the consumer can’t go for a cheaper product within that market as the monopoly has gotten rid of competition, thus leaving the consumer with high prices to pay at a limited choice.Another reason is because monopolies only have profit maximisation in mind. Profit maximisation is when a firm determines the price and output level that returns the greatest profit. Although the firm is maximising its profits, monopolies are allocatively inefficient. Monopolies tend to become complacent over time because pricing power, not gains from efficiency or innovation, drive profits. This means that due to the fact that they have stripped consumer surplus and experiencing vast profits, they are simply not allocating resources efficiently simply to do with its size.As a firm gets larger, it is more difficult for managers to be on top of every single thing that occurs within the company. Unnecessary waste could be caused meaning they aren’t allocating the finite resources efficiently, which isn’t beneficial in any economy. Due to a lack of innovation and efficiency, this also c auses allocative inefficiency as they now have to competition to compete on efficiency and new technology, which affects markets in negative manors.Walmart invested over one billion dollars to lose within the first year, by making prices of products incredibly cheaper than its competitors which drove them out of business, then increased prices in order to make back the losses and make huge profits whilst having removed all if not most competition. This is known as predatory pricing and is now very difficult to achieve because the governments noticed what had happened within that market and had to intervene in order to control market share within markets.Governments have now set a limit of 25% market share so that monopolistic behaviour doesn’t occur within a market, thus allowing other smaller business to compete or even simply enter for new businesses to enter. This is beneficial because firms will now have to compete on efficiency and innovation, so the push of new technolo gy through research and development creates a higher efficiency within a market as firms will now try to keep costs low instead of taking consumer surplus like monopolies. Inequality plays a large factor within causing market failure.This is because differences in wealth and income of different groups lead to a wider gap in living standards between households. Thus the division of rich and poor. Society itself may not find too much inequality acceptable. Those who are born into a rich background are more likely to be rich later in life, whereas some who are born into a poor background are a lot more likely to live a life of poverty. This is because those with richer backgrounds will have better education and up bringing thus increasing the chances of success later in life. In a free market, this isn’t the case.It is thought that all individuals have the opportunity to succeed. But, because of misallocation of resources in a free market economy this isn’t always the cas e. The way the government try to tackle this issue and making the gap smaller is normally by imposing a larger tax on the rich and create government programs which transfer this income to the poor. These are normally known as welfare benefits, unemployment benefits, public schools, NHS and some sort of support for economic development in poorer communities where unemployment and poverty is very high.Welfare benefits are very beneficial in spreading income to poorer people as they now have money to spend and inject back into the economy which also stimulates it but also increases their opportunities in life as they can afford things like gym memberships which make for a healthier and fitter labour force. However, nowadays, people have gotten lazy and inherited this life of living on benefits. This isn’t beneficial for the economy in the slightest as they are people who are capable of working and add to the labour force but choose not to as they believe they ive an easier life by given money for free by the tax payer. Public schools are put in place because it gives those with a poorer background a chance to be educated and more possibilities for the future. This increase in possibilities could lead to them from escaping a life of poverty, thus decrease gap between rich and poor. NHS is also one of the best health care systems devised, because it gives the chance for those who cannot afford to pay for doctors and hospital bills if anything were to happen, which leaves the economy with healthier people or simply people who can be treated when ill for free.However, this comes out of the tax payers pocket and seems very unfair for those who pay and never need to use NHS whereas there are some who don’t work and choose to, you can almost say ‘milk it’. Even though some choose to abuse it, NHS has had more positive outputs into the economy as it keeps the labour force treated of any injury or illness making for a more efficient labour force thus preventing market failure. A market may fail due to externalities.Externalities are benefits or costs which come from economic activity and affect someone other than those who are actually engaged in that economic activity and are not taken into account fully in the price we pay. Due to the fact that they aren’t taking into account of the price they are a form of market failure because the amount of the activity carried out, if left to the free market would not be an efficient use of resources.One of the main negative externalities which affects is pollution, for example, a city where manufacturing industries are based would be the cause of the pollution and poor environment as they pollute the air which we breathe, the rivers by dumping chemical waste and kill wild life. If a government weren’t to intervene then these externalities would become so severe that our atmosphere and environment could come to be so polluted that people become ill and die. These people are the labourers of that economy and if work force starts dying out this leads to a loss in production as people would need to be treated.Thus, eventually leading to market failure. One way the government can resolve this is by setting regulations for example, a ban. Another way is by determining whether it’s a negative or positive externality, and if it’s negative, impose a tax, if positive, a subsidy. A tax on negative externality would correct market failure as the cost for it is now being taken into account in the price. Overall, as we can see the government has devised many different forms of policies in order to prevent market failure.Monopolies, inequality and externalities are some of the main reason to explain why market failure occurs, however the government has overcome this. For example, with monopolies, they realise one business having most percentage of market share wasn’t beneficial to the market and consumers as there simply wouldn’t be any competition and an exploitation by that firm so they set a maximum of 25% market share so that there would be fair competition and competing with prices in order to offer the consumer the best possible price and product.

Concert Report essays

Concert Report essays My first concert report will be on the performance by the Musaeus String Quartet on Tuesday, February 24. It featured Ms. Patrice Jegou as mezzo-soprano to the quartet. The string quartet consisted of Mr. Norbert Boehm and Mrs. Maria Geppert on the violin, Mr. Graham Tagg on the viola, and Mr. Mark Rodgers on the cello. Looking quickly over the program, the back of it consisted of the lyrics in German of the songs that Ms. Jegou was to perform. The first piece was Auf dem Wasser zu singen (Over the Water Singing) by Franz Schubert. As string quintet and quartets are meant for intimate settings, it provided the perfect setting for this piece. The piece wasnt played too loud by the quintet, more of a mezzo piano dynamic. Ms. Jegous mezzo-soprano voice carried well over the instrumentals, in a mezzo forte dynamic. The quintet played more of an accompanying role in polyphonic melody. The tempo of the piece was at moderato pace. In other words, the whole tempo of the singer and quintet was in a singing/ballad pace. This is very appropriate as to simulate singing over the water. The texture of the singing and instrumentals was very water-like. The harmonic consonance was also very effective in portraying the theme of the piece. The imitative polyphony was also one thing I noticed that really added to the effect of the music overall. I really enjoyed this piece because Ms. Jegous voice was very beautiful as she was v ery well paired with her fellow musicians. The second piece in the Schubert set was called Restless Love. This piece was in contrast played in a faster vivace tempo. The tempo was mostly vivace but had variances in it; sometimes it slowed to an adagio pace and then sped up again. This is very effective in illustrating the theme of the piece which deals with restlessness. The quintet like in the first piece played an accompanying role to Ms. Jegou. The harmony was consonant...

Best Philosopher essays

Best Philosopher essays In the novel, Sophies World, the philosopher that I was indeed intrigues by was Aristotle. I was astonished by his view over the world. How he was able to go ahead and disagree with his teacher all the time and brought up good explanations to back up on his belief. He not only brought his philosophical views but also brought even more, on how to have the government operate and how it should be limited as well. It was his way of thinking that I love; it would always amaze me on how he would always come up with his stunning ideas. Scientifically and how it was best to have the government work in favor of that wouldnt lead to catastrophic arguments in the long run. His system of checks and balances was a system that would bring government in check so that it wouldnt result that the government would have absolute power. I would like to learn more about Aristotle to get a further understanding of his ideas. What I mean is that I would like to go into depth in his ideas of politics, natures scale, and logic. I also have questions regarding to his teachings and his view of life. In addition, I would like to know personally how he was criticized and he was able to continue his studies without no support from anyone nor having the efficient tools like he have today. Overall, I want to get to know Aristotle from childhood and how he was influenced to become a philosopher. Just want to have some knowledge over Aristotle and his history. I guess the way I would go ahead and seek the information toward Aristotle to personally read his book, The Republic, which focuses on politics and how it should be structured. Also, to go ahead and speak w/ a historian who knows the background of Aristotles days. Finally, another way is to go to an old library that owns books toward the philosophic days and that focuses on Aristotle. This should give me a more clear understanding of the life of Aristotle. ...

41 Words That Are Better Than Good

41 Words That Are Better Than Good 41 Words That Are Better Than Good 41 Words That Are Better Than Good By Michael The soul of writing is specificity, yet all too often, we lean on general-purpose words instead of choosing the most precise ones. Most of our daily communication probably depends on less than 1,000 words. Of course, that includes words such as you, I, is, are, of, and for, which are already the best words for the job. I admit that sometimes in conversation, I deliberately limit my vocabulary because I dont want others to look at me quizzically: Who does he think he is, anyway: one of the authors of a writing tips blog? The result is vague, even boring, conversation, using words so general, they could fit almost everything in the world. How was your trip? Fine. How do you feel? Good. Choosing other words is no improvement, if we always choose the same words. A world where everything is cool or awesome is not much more interesting than a world where everything is fine or good. So lets buck the trend. Here are 41 alternatives to good that cant be used to describe everything in the world because they each have specific meanings, or at least, different connotations. breathtaking amazing, surprising, astonishing, enough to make you gasp with pleasure, and almost enough to make you forget to breathe. choice preferred, prized, specially selected. In New Zealand, the exclamation Choice! is used similarly to Great! in the United States. dazzling amazing, splendid, brilliant, shining so bright that its hard to see it. delectable highly delicious, usually describing food, from the Latin for delight. delightful causing joy, delight or pleasure, producing positive emotion, with the same Latin root as delectable. deluxe high quality, related to luxury, from the Latin for excess. enjoyable pleasant, bringing pleasure and satisfaction bringing joy. excellent superior, best in its class, of the highest quality, making a person shout Excelsior! exceptional uncommon, rare, and better for being so. exemplary an example of high quality, a model for others. fine delicate, exquisite, almost as good as it gets. Related to the French and Latin words for finished and exact. Overused until often it merely means acceptable. exquisite exceptionally fine or rare, with the sense of extreme favorable helpful, encouraging, positive, convenient, such as getting hoped-for results. first-rate exceptionally good, in the highest class. Describing a British naval vessel with more than 100 guns. first-string the starting players on a sports team; that is, the best of them. Many other expressions begin with the word first. five-star from the hotel rating system in which a five-star hotel is among the worlds best. formidable causing awe, respect, wonder or even fear, perhaps because its so large or strong. gilt-edged high quality, from the practice of putting a thin layer of gold on the edges of a book. gratifying pleasing, satisfying, making someone content. incredible amazing, beyond belief, almost too good to be true. luxurious fine or comfortable, such as an expensive hotel room. I use it to show gratitude for a gift that is too fancy for my tastes. magnificent splendid, elegant, noble. From the Latin word for great deeds. opulent showy, extravagant, magnificent, sumptuous more than luxurious, with the sense of more than you really need pleasing giving cheer, pleasure, or enjoyment something that pleases you positive certain, good, favorable. Currently used in expressions such as positive energy or positive vibes. precious beloved, valuable, worthy, of high price. Precious writing is euphuistic: overly cute and takes itself too seriously. prime first, as in first quality. rare uncommon, scarce, and therefore valuable. The gravestone of an influential English playwright is inscribed with the (misspelled) tribute O rare Ben Johnson. satisfying sufficient, pleasing, more than adequate. select privileged, specially chosen, high-quality. shipshape well-organized, fully prepared, meticulous, tidy. Before you embark on an ocean voyage, you want your ship to be in shape. sound healthy, solid, secure, complete. If a floor is sound, you wont fall through. sterling of high, verifiable value, as in sterling silver, which is 92.5% pure silver. Originally referring to British coins, which had a star or a starling on them in the Middle Ages. striking impressive, memorable, calling to mind the striking of a coin. sumptuous costly, expensive, as in a meal with many courses of great variety. Weve got a whole article about sumptuous. top-notch belonging to the highest level, possibly from some 19th century game that used notches to keep score. subtle clever and crafty, though thats an older meaning. A subtle flavor is not overbearing, and the chef will be pleased if you tell him so. up to snuff meeting the standard, adequate, sharp. Snuff is a more expensive powdered tobacco, which was sniffed by higher-class gentlemen as a stimulant in the 19th century. valuable worthy of esteem, having high worth or value. welcome anticipated, a pleasure to see, received with gladness, as in welcome news. From the Old English for â€Å"a wished-for guest. well-made built right, properly constructed, sound. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeOne Sheep, Two Sheep, One Fish, Two Fish . . .48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

The Place of Television in Advertising Effectiveness Essay

The Place of Television in Advertising Effectiveness - Essay Example Information has become the keystone of 21st-century advertising, both for the consumer and the advertiser. Interactive television (iTV) integrates traditional analog TV advertising with digital and broadband technology to provide an exciting new and flexible advertising and information medium. The key to effective television advertising, iTV or analog, is in creating a positive cognitive experience for the viewer. As such, advertisers and marketers need to rethink traditional advertising assumptions about the communicative process. With iTV, there is enhanced quality of visual images, access to richer information and an overall more engaging experience for the consumer. These combine to produce a two-way communication process between the consumer and advertiser, rather than the previous uni-directional model of analog TV. The present research aimed to identify the place of television advertising effectiveness within the contemporary media mix. This study utilized secondary data from a number of contemporary sources. These sources were both qualitative and quantitative in nature, providing for both parametric and non-parametric analyses. The choice of these studies has resulted in a comprehensive evaluation of the state of television advertising at the current time. The first study used a telephone survey in North America to compare the advertising media of television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet. It was concluded that television remains a dominant medium in the media mix in regard to perceptions of authority, influence, excitement, and persuasiveness, as well as being a viable source of product information.

Findings of the Church Committee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Findings of the Church Committee - Essay Example This was done with a hope that all the activities of the American spy agencies shall always remain secret. However, this gave the spy agencies the impetus to intrude into the citizens’ privacy. The act has received bipartisan support. The president and congress did not raise objections. A research was conducted on the same issue, 62% of the respondents said the spy agencies should have some form of oversight. 18 % thought otherwise. The church committee sort to find out two things. Firstly, whether America should adopt its enemy’s tactics and secondly, it was to come up with facts. This is because America has the necessary machinery and technology to deal with its attackers. While we as citizens support the work of the spy agencies like the FBI, I feel that it should be done within the confines of the law. The step taken by these intelligence agencies is too radical. There is a feeling that this intrusion is against the core values of United States of America. It’s also anti American culture and the tenets of

Organization Change and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organization Change and Development - Essay Example There is not one organization in the world that can survive the current business environment by resisting change (Kaufman, 2007). These changes are not random; rather they are the result of various factors which will be the focus of this paper. Factors Affecting Change The major forces that make organizational change inevitable, which can either be external or internal, are: economic, technological, social, political, legal, labor market and international environments. Every organization has its own unique goals and objectives which are related in one way or another to the changing business environment which is highly dynamic. These factors of change normally force the organization to re-evaluate and change its mode of operation, management and service delivery (Botha and Kourie, 2008). Technology may be the main factor of change that is being experienced all over the business world. The 21st century has been characterized by innovations and introductions of new technologies which ha ve affected the way people love and work. Perhaps the most important of this technological innovation has happened in the communication sector. The development of the telephone, internet and other forms of communication has entirely changed the business environment (Appalbaum, Close and Klasa, 1999). ... The market conditions in the 21st century have also changed quite a lot. Competition has become much stiffer than it was years ago. This competition has been heightened by the ever increasing number of businesses that offer the same or similar products and/or services. The battle to remain relevant in this kind of market environment is one that all organizations must fight on a constant basis. If it means that the organizations have to change the way they conduct their business, then there is no way around it. Globalization is a major reason why market competition has risen to such great heights (Appelbaum, Everard and Hung, 1999). A good example of a business environment that has seen many changes due to changing market conditions is India. After liberalization in the last two centuries, the country has experienced an influx of foreign companies and formation of many others. This has created such high level of competition that those organizations which could not keep up with the cha nge had to close down or merge with those that had already adapted to the changing business environment. Those organizations that were able to re-align their operations with the sweeping changes in the market are some of the countries best today. The political and legal environment is also as turbulent as the business environment of today. This is because it is also vulnerable to frequent changes, which also affect other spheres of life for individuals and organizations alike. Any changes of governance or administration in a country or a region may have great implications for businesses. For instance, if a democratic government is replaced by a totalitarian one, or vise versa, there is likely to be a major shift of

Market Segmentation of Orbitz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Market Segmentation of Orbitz - Essay Example In relation to the study, the company which has been selected is Orbitz, one of the leading travel companies which were formed by an alliance between major airline companies; American, Continental and Delta Airline, Northwest, United Airline and Continental Airline companies in the year 1999. It is a leading travel company enabling customers and passengers to plan and book a broad range of travel products. This essay discusses that the parent company Orbitz worldwide own a series of brands like Orbitz, Cheap Tickets, ebookers, HotelClub and Rates to go, The Away Network and Orbitz for Business. The website was launched in the year 2001 and in the year 2004, the company was acquired by Cendant Co Ltd. The company is headquartered in Chicago and the company is listed on New York Stock Exchange. The paper tells that the IPO of the company occurred in the year 2007 and the investor of the company Travelport is one of the world’s largest networks in the world. Orbit offers travel s ervices like vacation packages, cruise and car rentals and other travel services. This paper illustrates that in the year 2012 the company was labeled as one of the best travel companies to work for by Forbes. Orbitz is one of the few travel companies which offers passengers and customers to reserve and book tickets through various technological modes. The company offers holiday packages and tickets at a relatively low price compared to the other travel companies.... Market segmentation requires several technological and modelling techniques for accurate analysis and performance. Some of the important methods of market segmentation techniques are Automatic Interaction Detector (AID) and Multidimensional Scaling Techniques (MSD) and conjoint analysis. We will now conduct a market segmentation of Orbitzs Travel Company to understand the target customer base and the techniques used for conducting market segmentation. Geographic Segmentation Marketers conduct segmentation as per the geographic criteria like nations, states, cities, regions, countries etc. The company presently offers more than 1.5 million flight options to customers since, Orbitz is a travel company it has not confined to its services to a particular geographical location and the services are available worldwide. Orbitzs travel packages, online reservation of tickets, online hotel booking, and car rental at a lower price comparatively than the other travel companies. The company offe rs the travels services and facilities at a lower price to target countries with high and low purchasing power. Demographic Segmentation The demographic segmentation is the most common and prevalent form of market segmentation. Demographic segmentation would be done based on the gender, age, income, occupation, household size and education. In this case the travels services are offered for individuals, corporate customers, school children, family and married couples. Age: Based of age profile the target customers of Orbitz would be individuals of all ages including infants and toddlers. Income: Although, the travel services are offered at an affordable prices (Orbitz, 2013d) some of the services like the hotel

Marriott Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marriott Hotel - Essay Example On travel and tourism competitive index for 2013, UK stands on the leading 5th rank among 140 countries (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). All these provide opportunity to Marriott to continuously grow and expand in UK. . ECONOMICAL Recession in the UK economy had affected the purchasing power of people and it had a negative impact on the tourism industry as well. The recovery has started but customers are still on hold due to the inflationary pressures unemployment due to Euro zone crises (Ernst & Young, 2012). The Travel and Tourism index of 140 countries rank UK on 10th position for business environment while natural resources availability that is critical for this industry is immensely attractive and ranks on third place (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). Hence, the revival of the economy holds attractive opportunity for Marriot. SOCIO-CULTURE The consumer behaviour is changing continuously and the trends are modifying all across the world. Human and cultural resources for the hospitality indust ry are in abundance in the UK and country ranks on sixth and third respectively on the competitive index for Travel and Tourism (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). The tech-savvy element has taken dominant place in culture and hotel are steering strategies to adopt changes all across value chain (Ernst & Young, 2013). Marriot is consistently accounting this element of change in social trends such as Marriot took initiative and went digital on wine (Incentive Travel, 2013). TECHNOLOGICAL Technological advancement is at its peak everywhere. Conventional ways are converting in to digital ways. The online existence of the firms is now looking necessary (Mcindoe, 2013). Technological advancement has also affected the... Identifying the role of environment for the business, this report is aimed to analyse the impact business environment on the performance of the organisation. The environmental assessment explores the impact of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors in the business. For the last two decades the impact of technology has changed the structure of every industry either it is service industry or product industry. The technology is now considered as one of the basic driver of growth. Among various industries, hospitality industry has also received a great impact of technological advancement in the last decade. Nowadays, customer convenience and satisfaction is considered as a one of the most effective tool in the service industry to get the competitive advantage. Marriot always focused on adapting the emerging and latest trends to stay competitive in the market. Competitive strategies that are followed by Marriott and its rivals are highly similar and hence each one is trying to gain the edge by loyalty programs and other technological adoptions. All the competitors and Marriot is continuously making efforts to sustain its position in the market. The environmental analysis has conducted to understand the impact of internal and external forces on the organisation. Since, technological advancement has had a great impact on almost every business in the world and so hospitality industry is affected significantly. Therefore, efforts to employ technological advancements by Marriot to remain competitive have been discussed with insight recommendations. Some media sources are mentioned in the repo rt to analyse the evolving behavior of the organisation. In all that Marriot is competing successfully in UK hospitality industry. However, it needs to make a consistent research on understanding the changing consumer needs and preferences. It is worth mentioning that recovery in UK economy is creating the opportunity of business expansions. Marriott should focus on this phase and increase its marketing efforts to attract new customers initially in this phase.

Fund management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fund management - Assignment Example My discussion will dwell on wealth management and private banking. I will use Switzerland as my model country (Barber 97). Wealth Management Wealth management is part of a business enterprise’s financial aspect. It denotes the careful utilization of resources of a company for the purpose of maximizing output and generating profits continuously. It constitutes financial advice and tax services at one fee. Estate planning can be a component of wealth management. These services can only be offered by financial institutions such as banks and brokerage firms. Trust companies also specialize in wealth management. Based on an individual’s financial goals and objectives, wealth management is a way of investing assets and planning of one’s estate (Anastasios 17). Private banking is used interchangeably with wealth management because wealth management can be viewed as a form of private banking. Private banking means that the financial services offered are not determined by public rules and regulations. It is the owners who formulate and regulate the rules that concern their financial services. Some institutions are now offer wealth management lessons because it has become a key aspect of modern day banking. This aspect is the future for modern day banking. We are noticing the creation of microfinance corporations around the world. This is an indication of the importance it is playing in many economies around the world (David 28). Wealth Management and Private Banking Switzerland For a long time, Switzerland has become the world’s number one destination for investors from all walks of life. This has made the country amass a lot of wealth in the services rendered. The country is one of the most stable economic nations of Europe. To add to its increasing tourist attraction sites, Switzerland’s fortunes are really in a meteoric rise. The major factor that has contributed to this is the country’s policy of neutrality and the fact that many languages are spoken in the country. This has attracted many investors. The degree of neutrality means that the Swiss banks have a policy of not investigating funds deposited regardless of the source of the funds. Unlike other European banks whereby any money deposited has to be vetted to determine the source, this is not the case with Switzerland (Douglas 15). It is no doubt, therefore, that even corrupt leaders from third world countries all run to deposit the money in Swiss banks knowing that none of their dirty will be investigated to determine the source. Since historical times, private banking has been a success in Switzerland. Formerly, investors with a high net wealth worth
million were allowed to invest in the banks. However, a change has now occurred which has allowed even the common man to invest in the Swiss banks. Even though this continues to take place, the Swiss private banking sector keeps targeting high ranking investors around the world. These investors in turn prefer to keep their wealth in this country. Wealth management and private banking in Switzerland is a sector that has undergone enormous growth in the 5 years that have passed or so. This is due to initiatives that have been undertaken by the Swiss banking sector. Today the sector stands as one of the best in Europe (Hans 142). There has been a change in the legislative laws of Switzerland that have done away with the traditional system of health management and private banking. This change started occurring about ten years ago. It was a brilliant

Marriott Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marriott Hotel - Essay Example On travel and tourism competitive index for 2013, UK stands on the leading 5th rank among 140 countries (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). All these provide opportunity to Marriott to continuously grow and expand in UK. . ECONOMICAL Recession in the UK economy had affected the purchasing power of people and it had a negative impact on the tourism industry as well. The recovery has started but customers are still on hold due to the inflationary pressures unemployment due to Euro zone crises (Ernst & Young, 2012). The Travel and Tourism index of 140 countries rank UK on 10th position for business environment while natural resources availability that is critical for this industry is immensely attractive and ranks on third place (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). Hence, the revival of the economy holds attractive opportunity for Marriot. SOCIO-CULTURE The consumer behaviour is changing continuously and the trends are modifying all across the world. Human and cultural resources for the hospitality indust ry are in abundance in the UK and country ranks on sixth and third respectively on the competitive index for Travel and Tourism (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). The tech-savvy element has taken dominant place in culture and hotel are steering strategies to adopt changes all across value chain (Ernst & Young, 2013). Marriot is consistently accounting this element of change in social trends such as Marriot took initiative and went digital on wine (Incentive Travel, 2013). TECHNOLOGICAL Technological advancement is at its peak everywhere. Conventional ways are converting in to digital ways. The online existence of the firms is now looking necessary (Mcindoe, 2013). Technological advancement has also affected the... Identifying the role of environment for the business, this report is aimed to analyse the impact business environment on the performance of the organisation. The environmental assessment explores the impact of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors in the business. For the last two decades the impact of technology has changed the structure of every industry either it is service industry or product industry. The technology is now considered as one of the basic driver of growth. Among various industries, hospitality industry has also received a great impact of technological advancement in the last decade. Nowadays, customer convenience and satisfaction is considered as a one of the most effective tool in the service industry to get the competitive advantage. Marriot always focused on adapting the emerging and latest trends to stay competitive in the market. Competitive strategies that are followed by Marriott and its rivals are highly similar and hence each one is trying to gain the edge by loyalty programs and other technological adoptions. All the competitors and Marriot is continuously making efforts to sustain its position in the market. The environmental analysis has conducted to understand the impact of internal and external forces on the organisation. Since, technological advancement has had a great impact on almost every business in the world and so hospitality industry is affected significantly. Therefore, efforts to employ technological advancements by Marriot to remain competitive have been discussed with insight recommendations. Some media sources are mentioned in the repo rt to analyse the evolving behavior of the organisation. In all that Marriot is competing successfully in UK hospitality industry. However, it needs to make a consistent research on understanding the changing consumer needs and preferences. It is worth mentioning that recovery in UK economy is creating the opportunity of business expansions. Marriott should focus on this phase and increase its marketing efforts to attract new customers initially in this phase.

To investigate the factors that affect rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

To investigate the factors that affect rate of reaction Essay I will pour one lot into the glass phial, I will then measure out five different concentrations of acid. I will do this by using a two molar acid and will vary the ratio of water, the combinations will be: Acid Water 25 ml 0 ml = 2 molar 15 ml 5 ml = 1. 6 molar 12. 5 ml 12. 5 ml = 1. 2 molar 10 ml 15 ml = 1 molar 5 ml 10 ml = 0. 8 molar Then I will pour the two molar acid into the phial, put the cork on and start the timer as soon as the cork is in place, so we are able to start timing when gas is being collected and not before as this would make it an invalid result of the first ten seconds. I will repeat this process for each concentration. After each experiment I will rinse out the phial, to make sure the marble chips wont start reacting before I pour the acid in. I will record the measurement from the syringe every ten seconds by folding the tube over to stop the gas from escaping through, and will empty the syringe of gas after each experiment. Trial Run Below is a results table showing our first trial run of our plan of action so I can see if anything needs changing. Concentration g/dm3 Time (s) 2 molar 1. 6 molar 1. 2 molar 1 molar 0. 8 molar. These results do follow the pattern predicted so I will not change my plan of action for the real experiment. Apparatus . 5 measuring cylinders to measure out the different concentrations . Water . 2 molar acid . syringe to measure the gas produced . 5 lots of small marble chips each weighing 2. 5 grams . Electronic weighing scales to weigh out the marble chips. 5 beakers to hold the marble chips . Rubber tube with a cork attached to capture the gas produced . A phial to hold the marble chips with the acid whilst reacting . Stop clock to take readings every 10 seconds Fair Test I will make sure it is a fair test by rinsing out the phial after each reaction has taken place so the next lot of marble chips wont start reacting before the experiment begins. I will use the same bottle of 2 molar acid to make sure I dont use slightly different concentrations and will repeat the experiment three times to get a good average of the results. Also I will use the same measuring cylinders so I will be measuring to the same nearest ml each time. Method . Make sure you have all the equipment stated in apparatus list . Weigh out five lots of 2. 5g of marble chips . Measure out the five different concentrations . Pour one lot of marble chips into the phial . Pour acid in the phial with the chips and place on the cork . As soon as cork is in place start the stopwatch . Every 10 seconds record the gas measurement from the syringe . Rinse out the phial and repeat for each concentration . Record all results on a table SAFETY BOX. Wear goggles and aprons to protect from acid spillage . Keep lid on acid when not in use . Make sure bags and coats are out of the way Results Concentration g/dm3 Time (s) 2 molar 1. 6 molar 1. 2 molar 1 molar 0. 8 molar Concentration g/dm3 Time (s) 2 molar 1. 6 molar 1. 2 molar 1 molar 0. 8 molar Average Results Here is a table showing the average of the three sets of results that I have recorded: Concentration g/dm3 Time (s) 2 molar 1. 6 molar 1. 2 molar 1 molar 0. 8 molar   Results Table for Rate Of CO2 Production Concentration g/dm3 ( Rate Of CO2) Time (s) 2 molar 1. 6 molar 1. 2 molar 1 molar Evaluation Overall I think that my results are reliable but not as accurate as they could be. Reasons for this are that the measuring cylinder for measuring the acid and water was only accurate to 0. 5ml and the syringe to measure the production of CO2 gas was only accurate to 1ml, or more with the human eye reading it. The balance to weigh out the small marble chips was very accurate to 0. 01g but there was no guarantee that the surface area was the same which will have affected the results. Starting the stopwatch at exactly the same time for each experiment was impossible and will have varied each time affecting the first 10 second readings. In my theory I mentioned about temperature effecting the rate of a reaction, and the room temperature wasnt the same each day during the experiment so this will also have added inaccuracys. Due to human error the gas may have leaked out through the tube whilst we were trying to read from the syringe resulting in us reading more then what we should have. With all this taken into account I have concluded that although my results follow the patterns and trends predicted they arent very accurate. If I was to do the experiment again then I would have the same amount of marble chips as well as the same weight as this would make the surface area more accurate. I would also do the experiments all in one day so that the temperature would be roughly the same. Also I would probably use a different method of tracking the mass instead of displacement. I would do this because although displacement is very clear and simple, it can also be very inaccurate and is read through the human eye, whereas mass loss would be done with a machine and would be extremely accurate. I have found no anomalous results as each graph follows the trends and patterns expected. My graphs clearly illustrate that my theory was correct. The collision theory in particular as this was the factoral that we were changing (concentration). The higher the molarity the more particles there were in the same volume of water so the faster the reaction. As you can see from my graphs that the higher the molarity went the faster the gas was produced. Conclusion In conclusion the experiment went very well and I have proved that my theory was correct and that my results are reliable. You can see this from the graphs present. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.