Monday, September 30, 2019

Narrative in the Life of Frederick Douglass

Narrative in the Life Summaries In Peter Ripple's essay â€Å"The Autobiographical Writings of Frederick Douglass,† he states that, â€Å"The Narrative signaled Douglass' emergence as a committed abolitionist and suggests his developing intellectual skills during those early years of freedom† (135). Ripley describes throughout his essay how Douglass started as a slave, fought for his freedom, became an average lecturer, and In the end became, â€Å"Ambitious and Intellectually curious†¦ Eating reform literature, participating In concussions and absorbing the lectures of his associates† (136). Ripley describes Douglass' early lectures as intellectual because of how long he had been a slave, using â€Å"plantation dialect† (136). Early on, Douglass got the image that he wasn't an actual slave. So, he started to write about his slave experiences, giving names and dates to all the things that had happened to him to give himself authentication and to knock out some of the rumors about him and his past.One of Douglass' biggest critics was a man by the name of A. C. C. Thompson, who wrote that he had known â€Å"the recent slave by the name of Frederick Bailer (138) trying to disprove all of Douglass' firsthand accounts. Douglass responds to the statements by describing his time as a slave and explaining that without those experiences there was no way that he would've been able to write The Narrative in the Life. Ripley then goes on to explain how writing The Narrative was a major sign of Douglass' growth and maturity.This essay explains how Douglass transformed from slave to balloonists then on to haring his Life experiences by lecturing and educating others. In â€Å"Narration, Authentication and Authorial Control in Frederick Douglass' Narrative of 1845† by Robert B. Step argues that Douglass' narrative is successful because of his intellectual independence. Step explains how impressive it is for an uneducated slave to get o ut of slavery and in turn become somewhat of an educator. With that he states, â€Å"The strident, moral voice of the former slave†¦Is the single most Impressive feature of a slave narrative† (146). He then breaks down the narrative Into three different parts. The first phase, he calls the â€Å"basic† or â€Å"eclectic narrative† (147) referring to the relevance of a slave narrative. Secondly, he believes the text involves an integration of voices because the slave narratives do not rely on the white writers input but simply their own words and explanations. For the third part, he breaks it down into two deferent parts. First, he defines a â€Å"generic narrative† which is a â€Å"narrative of discernible genre† (147).Secondly he describes an â€Å"authenticating reiterative† (148) that he describes as a narrative that â€Å"becomes an authenticating document for others, usually generic texts† (149). He describes Douglass' narra tive as primitive because of the â€Å"dynamic energy (149) which Step calls his narrative an advanced text. Step then analyzes Douglass' strengths in writing and says that he has â€Å"explicitly authenticated what is conventionally a white Northerners validating text† (157) and that his writing shows his level of literacy, even though being a slave slave narratives down further into categories.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Egg Shell Lab

Michelle Fishman Period 11 TCA #3 TITLE: Egg Shell Lab OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the amount of calcium carbonate content of brown and white eggshells. MATERIALS: white and brown eggshells, water, deionized water, beaker, pipet, flask, test tube brush, funnel, hotplate, mortar, pestle, ethanol, HCl, phenolphthalein indicator, sodium hydroxide PROCEDURE: (Complete for both white and brown eggshells) 1. Get one egg and beaker and bring it to your lab station. 2. Break the egg into a beaker. 3.Add water to the egg and stir before you pour it down the drain. 4. Wash the shell with deionized water and peel off the membranes from the inside of the shell. Dry your eggshell and put into a labeled beaker. 5. Wash your hands. 6. Dry the shell for about 10 minutes in the oven. 7. Grind the shell to a fine powder with a mortar and pestle. 8. Weigh between 0. 450 and 0. 550 grams of dried shell into each of the 3 labeled 250mL flasks. 9. Make sure to record the exact mass of the shell in each flask. 10. Add a few drops of ethanol to each flask. 1. Pour 40 mL of 1. 0M HCl into a beaker. 12. Put 10. 0 mL of the 1. 0M HCl to each 250mL flask containing the eggshells. Whirl the flasks to make sure all of the solids get wet. Be sure to spill any extra HCl into the sink with water. 13. On a hotplate, heat the solutions in the 250 mL flasks until they boil and then wait for them to cool. Be careful not to let them boil dry. Rinse flask with water. 14. Carefully, add 3-4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to each flask. 15. Using a funnel, fill a buret partly with 0. 00 M sodium hydroxide, to rinse it. Empty the buret into the sink. Then, pour NaOH solution into the buret just above the top mark. Spill out some excess solution to remove all of the bubbles from the top. If there is not enough solution, refill some more into the buret. Read and record the initial volume to  ± 0. 01 mL. 16. Add one sample to the first pink color. The color will fade once you are close to th e endpoint. Add the excess NaOH little by little with a dropper pipet until the color is constant for at least 30 sec.Read and record the final volume to  ±0. 01 mL. Once the volume is added, it is the difference between the initial and final readings (to  ± 0. 01 mL) 17. Repeat for the other samples. 18. Calculate the average value and the percent calcium carbonate in each sample. 19. Wash the egg residue out of the flask. CONCLUSION QUESTIONS 1)The amount of eggshell a student uses changes the outcome of the lab. It does matter because calcium may be unevenly distributed throughout the shell and there may be different concentrations around the eggshell.If the student doesn’t add a certain amount of eggshells, the experiment will not have the correct outcome. 2)A student would be sure they added a sufficient amount of acid to completely react with all of the calcium carbonate by making the proper measurements. If there is not enough chemical activity like fizzing for exa mple, the student can adjust the amount by adding more acid to make a greater reaction. 3)If the student failed to add sufficient HCl, it would affect their data in many ways.Insufficient amounts oh HCl would not produce a complete reaction. The uneven amount would cause the reaction with CaCO3 to be unequal, so all the results would be directly affected. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) â€Å"CHEM 1102. † Eggshell Experiment. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. 2) â€Å"CHEM-212 Eggshell Lab. † CHEM-212 Eggshell Lab. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. 3) â€Å"Stoichiometry. † Chem4Kids. com: Reactions:. Andrew Rader Studios, 1997-2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. 4) â€Å"To Determine the Percentage by Mass of Calcium Carbonate in Eggshells†

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Portfolio essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Portfolio - Essay Example I have learned more than just argumentative writing techniques. In my portfolio, I have included technical writing, expository writing and literary criticism, among other various forms. For instance, I have used expository writing in an article I wrote titled â€Å"what happens in Saudi Arabia every hour?† This can be exhibited by the way that I have given a back story or background information about Saudi Arabia in my introductory paragraph. I have attempted to explore in depth the contrast between the reality in Saudi Arabia and the perceived image that most people might have about Saudi Arabia. Many people round the world are misinformed and deem Saudi Arabia as a bad and an inhabitable place. In my essay, I have expounded in the good and the bad regarding the country. Additionally, I have expounded on the fact that deaths from road accidents in Saudi Arabia have been on the rise by providing statistics from previous years to support my thesis. I used research in this paper to incorporate outside information into my analysis that supports the topic I was dealing with. The assessment made from the research I carried out when writing the essay remains one of my favorite parts of the paper. I have carefully observed reports by Joffe Walts on how most of the accidents in Saudi Arabia mostly claimed the lives youth more than any other group. The statistics showed that road accidents were the number one cause of most death among Saudi Arabian adult males. The females are spared as the society forbids women from driving vehicles. Through the conclusion to the essay that I wrote, I am in a better position now to provoke the thoughts of readers through the use of rhetorical questions regarding statistics of the death toll from road accidents. The reader is compelled into thought when reading through the rhetorical questions employed. This article has made a deliberate attempt to showcases my skills in regard to summarizing, in depth analysis and alignment of

Friday, September 27, 2019

Living in Small Towns is Better Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living in Small Towns is Better - Essay Example Peace of mind can be experienced only in small towns because they are free from such problems. The fact that people living in smaller towns live longer than people living in bigger cities was proven in Japan. In one of the studies conducted on residents of Okinawa, a small town in Japan, it was proven that these residents lived for relatively long time compared to other residents of big cities. The reason for their long life was attributed to the peaceful atmosphere that existed there. The incidence of health-related problems like stroke, caused due to nervous tensions and/or emotions, was higher in big cities due to the rushed and busy life. Living a normal life mainly requires peace of mind, which is possible through a calm lifestyle and can be found only in a small town. Secondly, smaller towns are more safe and secure to live a normal life. Instances of road traffic accidents, crimes, and thefts are much lesser in small towns compared to big cities. People can travel to any place and at any time, even after midnight, without fear. Level of safety in small towns can be assessed based upon the fact that people in small towns rarely lock their doors. Road traffic accidents are also extremely rare in small towns, probably due to less heavy-vehicle and car traffic. The number of people who use cars for traveling is very less in small towns. For these reasons, smaller towns are much safer and more secure. The third good reason for living in a small town is its much cheaper and affordable cost of living. Quoting an example of the cost of utilities, in Florida, for a two-bedroom apartment, I had to pay $150 towards electricity bill, whereas in Utah, I pay only $70 for a townhouse. There is a huge difference in the cost of real estate of a big city and a small town. A friend of mine in Los Angeles pays around $1600 for a two-bedroom apartment.  

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Exploring and learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exploring and learning - Essay Example There are also some students who take a strategic approach, where they intend to maximize their chances of getting high marks. In today’s intellectual world, the three approaches of learning namely; deep, surface and strategic have become very popular. The surfacing issue therefore emerges on which of the three learning approaches is the most effective. This raises a very highly debatable issue. While some learners adopt a deep approach as noted by Morgan (1993), others prefer a surface approach when engaging in their studies. This paper seeks to critically analyze the three approaches of learning; deep, surface and strategic. Further, it will seek to examine how the chosen approach of learning affects the performance of a student. Marton and Saljo are the scholars behind the theory of deep and surface approaches to learning. They wrote a scholarly paper describing the varied manner in which learners approached learning in the academic sector. This studied was in the psycholog y department which at that time was quite unusual. This is because by default, they would have set up an artificial laboratory experiment for purposes of isolating one element from the other. Instead, Marton and Saljo sought to engage university students and their habitual behavior during learning. The students were required to read an article and thereafter answer questions based on the same. The study revealed that to some learners, the text was perceived as information with such discrete units meant to be memorized (Stanger-Hall, 2012, 294). The memorization was meant to help to answer the questions that would follow. The two scholars referred to this as the surface approach. On the other hand, some students perceived the text as one containing structured meaning. They were eager to discover the meaning of the article, its implications and the impact it had on them. They termed this as the deep approach. It follows that learners who engage in the deep approach had a better unders tanding of the article and were therefore able to answer a variety of question deciphered from it. In addition, they were in a better position to remember the content effectively compared to the others. Subsequent researches after this study have shown that there are different approaches to learning that students engage in while undertaking their academic tasks. A surface approach to learning can be defined as the result of low cognitive level engagement which yields to fragmented outcomes that do not translate to understanding or meaning. This process takes place when the learner takes in information ‘by heart’, but is in the least interested in engaging with the meaning of what s/he has taken. When taking this approach, the learner’s motive lies in only carrying out the task (Lauriland, 2003,47). This is due to some either positive or negative pressure/consequence. Negative in that if s/he fails, it is bound to affect his life in a not so pleasant way and posit ive in that if s/he passes, he will be favored by the teacher/instructor. Rote learning is a surface strategy whereby the learner focuses on what s/he perceives as the most important information and embarks on memorization of the same. Since the intention is as earlier noted to pass a test or exam, the learner finds not interconnections found in what is being learnt between meanings implications of the same. Surface learning is

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Rabies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rabies - Research Paper Example This research paper outlines the rabies disease, its history, signs and symptoms. Rabies was well identified in Europe at some stage in the medieval times, and was in all probability transmitted to the New World, where it became widespread in North America and the West Indies by the eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century it reached South America as well. Record of the disease in Asia is not well recognized but rabies has been in existence since the early times in China and India. Scientific studies on the disease were started in the year 1803 by Zinke who discovered the transmission of the disease by saliva. Louis Pasteur had developed the view that rabies is a disease of the CNS. Vaccinations were thereby worked on and gradually discovered over time. The time period between the initial infection and the onset of the symptoms usually takes around four to eight weeks or it may be a year at times, depending on the distance between the CNS and the site of infection. The initial symptoms in a rabies disease include fever, headache, fatigue, pain at the place of the wound, and even loss of appetite. Symptoms with respect to the two different forms of rabies have been identified. The symptoms of furious rabies include anxiety and agitation, neck becoming rigid, seizures, tears and saliva overproduced, convulsions, enlarged pupils, unusual understanding of light and temperatures, fear of water, insomnia, partial paralysis, hallucinations, abnormal mental clarity, and confusions.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

The external environment of Manchester United Essay - 1

The external environment of Manchester United - Essay Example Brand image can easily be considered as the greatest strength of Manchester United football club. Its brand image is globally recognized. Millions of fans and followers of the football club are present all over the world. Any type of merchandise available in the market having the logo or the name of Manchester United is easily identified by any of its fans all around the world. However the club needs to live up to the expectations of their fans in order to sustain their brand image. Sir Alex Ferguson, the manager of Manchester United for past many years, is one of the powerful and biggest assets for the football club. Manchester United was managed most effectively and efficiently by Sir Alex Ferguson for more than 25 years now and still continuing to do so (Manchester United Ltd., 2012a). He can be regarded as the most successful manager ever in the history of club football in UK. This type of consistency in performance maintained by the club helps in the decision making process rega rding prospective investments made by the company. Sales ticket is also considered to be one of the greatest strength of the club because of the huge fan base it possesses. There is a huge demand for the match tickets and the revenues generated from ticket sales are expected to increase significantly in the upcoming years. However ticket sales are not the only income source for the club. It has its products in offer too which contributes towards a significant portion of the revenues generated by Manchester United. Huge number of retail stores is run by MU and its distribution channel is also quite strong. The variety of products offered by MU can be considered as one of its major weaknesses. It is true that MU has a wide variety of products in offer for their fans, starting from the merchandise products to credit cards. However an area of concern is whether fans were involved in this type of decisions or not?

Monday, September 23, 2019

Tourism in Costa Rica Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism in Costa Rica - Research Paper Example In addition to this, Costa Rica has one of the most extensive and well-developed national park systems in all of Latin America. An aerial tram which takes visitors by cable car over the top of the rain forest is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Costa Rica (Liu et al., 2008, p. 259). Prior to the 1980s when Costa Rica’s popularity increased, the country’s hotel industry was small. As demand grew, many Costa Ricans entered the hotel business. The majority of new hotels were owned and operated by inexperienced individuals who learned the business by trial and error. A small number of hotels were run by international chains operating in Costa Rica using both staff and management from their global operations. Soon after, a number of local hotel operators began working with a number of foreign hotel operators as joint-venture partners. Marriott Hotels was one of these companies. This system worked so well in Costa Rica that a number of other countries in the region, including Guatemala, El Salvador and Panama, began to use the same formula. These joint-venture partnerships were characterized by a majority of local shareholders, a minority stake by the international chain and a strong training and development component (Liu et al., 2008, p. 260). Increased environmental awareness and the growing interest in ecotourism can cause conflicting priorities for exotic locations such as Costa Rica. While the country must promote itself as a tourist attraction, it must also protect the country’s natural resources. The demands of sustainability and economic growth can be in conflict (Liu et al., 2008, p. 259). In order to remain a tourist attraction and extend the life cycle of its attractiveness, a country must know a great deal about its international visitors as they are the ones who are primarily responsible for the destination’s tourists (Liu et al., 2008, p. 260).

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Business law- policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law- policies - Essay Example Supervisors are required to keep an active outlook for disputes. Company policy is to avoid disputes through proactive action on the part of both employees and company management. In case a dispute arises, the concerned employee’s actions shall be investigated by the immediate supervisor. If all employees involved in a dispute belong to one section or department then the immediate supervisor shall conduct the investigation. If employees from different departments or sections are involved in a dispute then the concerned supervisors will investigate the dispute through mutual consultation. The level of dispute investigation should be raised as deemed appropriate by the investigating authority. Throughout the course of the investigation, the investigating authority must ensure confidentiality of all concerned parties. Moreover, the employees involved in the dispute must not divulge any details of the investigation to any part of the company or outside it until the investigation is not deemed complete. Failure to do so may result in the termination of employment. A thorough investigation of the dispute must be followed by measures to resolve the dispute as amicably as possible. In case that the termination of employees is deemed as the only resolution then regular termination policies shall be enforced. Moreover, the investigators must ensure that the employee agrees to his termination so that the company does not fall liable to claims of compensation by terminated employees. The final investigation report must contain measures to avoid such disputes in the future. Any recommended lines of action to avoid disputes shall be implemented by HR in no more than 6 weeks since the end of the investigation. {company name} holds exclusive rights to discharge or terminate the employment of any employee after due process requirements are met. Upon discharge or termination the concerned employee will be

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Example for Free

Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Anything people have made could be called technology, but usually people think of advances in using scientific knowledge and applying it to a practical use, like creating photovoltaic cells or wind turbines. Technology interested in examples of a specific technology in use, such as the internet or Decision Support Systems. Technology can solve most of our problems and everything which we are using in our live for example: radio, television, computers, internet, mobile phone, and These are called technology. We use technology in different places too for example: at home, in offices, business, shops, or so on. Different people give Different people will give it different meaning depending on their viewpoint and context. The role and impacts of technology in both our personal and lives are ever growing. Technology is about taking action to meet a human need rather than merely understanding the workings of the natural world. We can define Technology like this: A body of knowledge used to create tools, develop skills, and extract or collect materials; the application of science (the combination of the scientific method and material) to meet an objective or solve a problems called Technology. Aim: In this study I am going to tell about the life of John: John is a engineer and he is 52 years old he has 22 years experience and he is a businessman and he use different technologies for his work and for his life he use the following technologies: E mail Mobile Phone Laptop Computer And also I am writing about the life of John which how does the technology affect on his life and how this technology change his life, because John said that 20 years ago I have not any Mobile Phone, e-mail address and Software, which I have now, and he said that since 5 years the technology has changed my life and I can not do my works without these technologies. E-mail introduction: E-mail, short for electronic mail, is a system in which a computer user can exchange messages with other computer users using a communications network. To use e-mail, you must have access to a computer that is linked to the outside world, via a modem, phone line, or fiber optic cable (Ethernet). Sending e-mail is similar to sending postal mail, with some very important differences: 1. E-mail is thousands of times faster. A message can go from Illinois to Australia in seconds! 2. E-mail is free on campus-there is no postage cost to students. 3. E-mail is not as private as a regular letter. 4. E-mail does involve learning how to use computer programs. 5. Also, E-mail requires us to have a sign-on to the electronic mail system, and this usually involves having a password, too. 6. E-mail can be sent to many people at the same time, and you can participate in on-going discussions on many subjects at the same time. 7. E-mail can access information and file libraries, well send a message and get a document or pictures back within minutes. 8. E-mail often contains typos and misspellings because it is so easy to produce and send. How/why he uses E-mail personally? John uses e-mail to send his report to the company that he is working for at the time and to send or receive photographs over the internet. Sending reports over the internet saves a lot of time and is an easier method of communicating than through the post. Before he got the internet he used the post to send the report to the company. He use the internet to inform his partners, and when he fine an offer he can send an e-mail to all of his colleague to inform those and some times he sent some maps of homes from his own e-mail to other colleague, and also he use e-mail to sent some photos and videos too, and he said: that I am not always use my e-mail to my own work I use my email for enjoying and sending messages for my Childs, wife, friends and to my families too. What is the advantages/disadvantage of e-mail? John said that E-mail Advertising, as effective as it is has both advantages and disadvantages. It is useful to be well aware of both sides of the coin as one embarks on the use of e-mail for their marketing and advertising, and he is also that the good news is that the advantages of e-mail advertising are numerous and far outweigh the few disadvantages. The advantages of e-mail which effect on his life these are in the following: 1. Its faster. He received email almost immediately after it is send, usually within minutes. 2. Its more conversational. Because of its immediacy, a whole series of e-mail messages maybe he exchanged within a very short time. As a result, email messages tend to be less formal and they are also usually shorter and more to the point. 3. Because e-mail is so new, he has no hard and fast rules about what may be said in a message. These rules are evolving because of his increased use of email, as well as the advent of new technology that continually affects how he applies it. And he also said that e-mail does not have just advantages it has disadvantages too, now I am writing about the disadvantages of e-mail which effect on John life: 1. As he has seen, one of the biggest disadvantages of email is the capability for misunderstanding. Email has some other disadvantages as well. It can be used to talk to more than one person at a time, but the means for doing so can be a bit cumbersome. At its core, email is a one to one communication medium. Email requires active participation, and he has to check his email to get messages. If he does not check his email, he will never know that somebody has contacted him. 2. Too much e-mail can lead to management problems with his in-box being overwhelmed by mail. 3. Due to its informal nature it is easy to his to ignore-unlike communication on the telephone or mail. Which things E-mail contain? * Inbox: An area in his mail memory that holds received messages that have not been read or processed. * Drafts: When he saved some documents in his e-mail address, the files and documents which he saved before he can find in Drafts. * Sent: The mails which he sent this sent item will tell him which files, letters, documents and images he sent. * Spam: Internet spam is one or more unsolicited messages, sent or posted as part of a larger collection of messages, all having substantially identical content. * Trash: rubbish and worthless material that is to be disposed of. * Contacts: All his friends, families, workers and someone else that John knows them he can save all his e-mail address in contact and then can see their emails easily and early when he wants. * Calendar: We all know about meaning of Calendar, calendar is a system of organizing days for a socially, religious, commercially, or administratively useful purpose. * Notepad: Some important sentences that John want to save them Notepad is the place that he can save them all their. If John didnt have E-mail, how would it affect his job? John said: if I didnt have e-mail address then I would lose my business, because I have lots of workers in my business I can see every one and telling all of them about their jobs, so the easiest way for me is that I am sending all of them and receiving the responses of them, and also by using my mail I can sent some maps and places and directions for my workers, and I am informing them, also I am using my mails to sent and receives from my family, and friends too. Mobile Phone Introduction: A Mobile Phone (also known as a Cellular Telephone) is defined as a portable electronic device for the purpose of telecommunications over long distances. Most current mobile phones actually connect to a cellular network of base stations (the cell sites themselves) which overlap to yield coverage and which also link to the standard landline public switched telephone network. It should be noted that mobile phones are distinct from household cordless telephones which generally operate only within range of a dedicated base station (though the distinction is blurring with mobile phones that can link via Bluetooth to a home internet base station). It should be noted, however, that the term mobile phone can refer to any type of mobile telephony device and also includes satellite phones and radio phones. Most phones has camera which we can take photos, and record some videos too. How/why he uses Mobile Phone? John use mobile phones to be connect with his family, children, and wife and with his friends. And he uses his mobile phone in office and to his business to inform his workers and to be in touch with the peoples which he works. He also uses mobile phone to send videos, photos, messages for every body which he wants. He uses different things that his mobile contain and the following things his mobile phones contain: Messages, Contact, Alarm, Calendar, Fun box, Reminder, Call register, Tones, Profiles, Calculator. He uses Messages to send document and messages for his family, friend, wife and sons. He uses Alarm to wake up morning early for his job. And the calendar which his Mobile Phone contain he known that what date is today and which day is today. And his mobile phone has reminder to remind him sometimes which he forgot some works. And some times the times which he filling board he is going to Games which it mobile has and Playing some games, and his mobile phone has internet too that he can go too internet and see his mails and another things which we can do it on internet and he said that I am glad and I am filling too good cause I can solve my lots of problems with using the mobile phone. What are advantages/disadvantages of mobile phone when he use? Advantages of using mobile phone: 1. He can take it with him whom he didnt miss important calls. 2. He doesnt have telemarketers bugging him at dinner time. 3. If he has car trouble or an accident he can call for emergencies. 4. He can take the pictures of accident or any things else by his mobile phones. 5. If he is finding for somewhere he can call for directions. 6. If he goes to store and wants to buy something he can use his mobile phone for more details or for more information. 7. He can use his mobile phone to see his mails and some sides. 8. With integrated phones and their features, making his life much easier no matter what kind a profession or age a person is. 9. Mobile phone doesnt have to call, he uses his mobile phone for the following things too: camera, music player, features, emailing, document editor and so on. Disadvantage of using mobile phone: 1. John said: I had an accident, because when I was derived I talked with my wife. 2. Most of time he missed lots of important calls when he forgot his mobile somewhere. 3. His mobile phone need charges for using it, therefore this is very boring and sad for John to charge it every day. 4. When John has some meeting often his mobile phone disturbs him during his works. How good is it at fulfilling his personal needs? John has got a new version of mobile phone called (Nokia N95), which is the most technically advanced smart phone ever! Complete with satellite navigation, a 5 mega pixel camera with auto focus, 3G video calling, with 8 GB chip, that his Nokia N95 contain. And the following things which his mobile phone includes they are most likely to fulfilling his personal needs. Some times John is recording with his phone everywhere and anything which he wants and can get images too. The Nokia N95 has almost everything else he could use them to fulfilling his needs: * Music Player with support for all common music formats. * A stereo FM radio. * Integrated hands free speaker. * Speaker independent voice dialing. * Talking ring tones. * HSDPA (the fast data transfer technology dubbed 3.5G). How good is it at fulfilling his social needs? John use his mobile phone to be always in touch with his friends, workers, families, and businessmen and another ways to develop social and communication called text which he uses most of times. Texting is particularly important in maintaining contact with a wide social network allows him to maintain social bonds even when he do not have the time, energy, inclination or budget for calls or visits. Texting re-creates the brief, frequent, spontaneous connections with members of our social network that characterized the small communities of pre industrial times. And also John hasnt always thinks about himself but he is helping people too and sometimes he teach some students in universities too for helping and some people calling him to solve their problems, and this is the easiest way for him to talk with lots of people without meets them. One of the most dangerous of mobile phone is that when he is driving some times he picked up phone and it can cause accident which he did before. How does John use mobile phone at work? Often John uses his mobile phone to be in touch with his family, friends he is not using his mobile phone at office, but he has an office phone which is called handheld mobile phone. And handheld mobile phone is working same like mobile phone but it doesnt need any chip just he connected his handheld mobile phone on socket which needs electricity and he has three of these. And this handheld mobile phone is cheaper than mobile phone when he called somewhere and John is saying that he made me too much busy therefore I cant do my works clearly and with good mind. He is using his mobile phone at office too, because some times handheld mobile phone is busy, then he uses he mobile phone he wants, and this is the biggest advantages of mobile phone. John said: when I have bought mobile phone I filled too much comfortable, and my business also day by day increasing and I have got too much money. Laptop Computer Introduction: I am writing a brief introduction about laptop computer and the kind of things which most of laptop computer (note books) contain: A laptop is a portable personal computer that is of a size that it can sit on our lap. Or we can define it like this: Laptop (or notebook PC) is a portable computer that can be battery or mains powered. They provide flexibility beyond the standard PC but often at a significant price premium. Laptop and desktop have big different and both of them are mixture words. Laptop means we sit it on our lap, and desktop means we sit it on desk. Laptop contains the following major features: * Keyboard: Keyboard layout is often sacrificed. The home, End, Page- Up and Page Down keys may not be dedicated, requiring that we hold down the Fn key at the same time. This can be very cumbersome if we use these keys a lot. Function keys and cursor keys are often made smaller, and one keyboard feels better than another. * Screen Resolution: Today, laptops use high-quality active matrix LCD screens. However, the built-in display system also feeds an external monitor for desktop use or a data projector. * External Display keyboard Connectors: Connect a full-size CRT and keyboard for home/office. Even if we like our laptop keyboard, we may want to use an external one with our external monitor, so that both units are positioned comfortably. A full-size keyboard can be connected through the external keyboard port or USB port. * Built-in Pointing Device: Either a touchpad or pointing stick is built into the laptop. There are differences. A regular mouse is always an option and connects via the mouse port or USB port. * Expansion: Expansion is a little more critical with laptops than with desktops that have extra bus slots and drive bays. However, nowadays laptops all have PC Card (PCMCIA) slots and USB ports, making them very flexible. * Batteries: Lithium ion batteries do not suffer from the memory- effect of older nickel cadmium, and to a slightly lesser extent, nickel metal hydride. * Multimedia: All laptops today have built-in speakers and generally include an optical drive (CD-RW, DVD-ROM or DVD-RW). DVD drives typically support all CD read and write modes as well. A removable drive offers more flexibility for upgrading later. * Weight: Seven pounds does not sound like much until we lug it around all day. To reduce poundage. Sub notebooks use external floppy. CD and DVD drives. One of the first time laptop in 1983, Tandys Radio Shack division launched the Model 100 micro Executive Workstation. It weighed only four pounds and included a built-in word processor, name and address list and modem. The Model 100 was inspiration for the huge portable market that followed. Laptop computers generally cost more than desktop computers with the same capabilities because they are more difficult to design and manufacture. A laptop can effectively be turned into a desktop computer with a docking station, a hardware frame that supplies connections for peripheral input/output devices such as a printer or larger monitor. Laptop usually comes with displays that use thin-screen technology. The thin film transistor or active matrix screen is brighter and views better at different angles than the STN or dual-scan screen. Laptops use several different approaches for integrating a mouse into the keyboard, including the touch pad, the trackball, and the pointing stick. A serial port also allows a regular mouse is attached. The PC Card is insertable hardware for adding a modem or network interface card to a laptop. CD-ROM and digital versatile disc drives may be built-in or attachable. How/why he uses laptop computer personally? After all, todays laptops have just as much computing power as desktops, without taking up as much space. He can take a laptop on the road with him to do his computing or make presentations. Perhaps he prefers comfortably working on his couch in front of the TV instead of sitting at a desk. A laptop is a full-blown, genuine computer that can do anything a desktop computer can do. John can do programming, word processing, spreadsheets, databases, accounting and multimedia presentations. The portability of laptops allows him to do many things that he cannot do with a desktop. He can write his sales proposal, article or business presentation while traveling on a plane or commuting on the bus or train or subway. What is Laptop computers memory? Laptops have memory, both RAM and ROM, just like desktops. The laptops ROM chip contains the BIOS just as it does in a desktop computer. RAM stores the application software and data files while the computer is on. RAM differs on a laptop in that it uses a different form facto that is, the size and shape of the modules that carry the RAM. Manufacturers have to build laptops to be portable (smaller) and to withstand more jostling (durable) than a desktop would ever get, so the memory modules have to be different. While some laptops use a standard Small Outland Dual Inline Memory Module (SODIMM), others use the manufacturers proprietary memory modules. Most laptops should have at least 64 MB of RAM to have sufficient memory to run operating systems and applications software. Also, some laptops allow him to upgrade the memory of his computer and come equipped with convenient access panels to plug in additional memory chips. What is Laptop computers Disk Drives? Like desktop, laptops have various disk drive storage devices. All laptops have an internal hard disk drive, usually 6 to 20 gigabytes (GB). The hard disk drive stores operating systems, application programs and data files. Although the hard disk drive works the same in a laptop as it does in a desktop, laptops generally have less disk space than desktops and he will have fewer choices for hard disk drives in laptop. The smaller hard disk space is one of the chief limitations of laptops. What are the advantages of laptop when john uses? John think when one thinks of laptops there are a few immediate advantages that come to mind. From John readings and personal experience these revolve around some of the following points: * The flexibility and mobility of laptops increases access time. * They tend to be lightweight-thus mobile. * Can easily be moved around the classroom. * Give you the option of being wireless. * Being able to have them in class away from a lab setting time management factor * Portable on field trips. * One can get instant access to information (wireless or internet connected laptops) * Access in class to multiple online resources, search engines, encyclopedias and discussion groups * Participate in virtual communities. * Ability to communicate and research at multiple levels. * Digital brainstorming, outlining and presentations can be generated within classroom walls. * Note taking, webbing which then can be shared immediately. * ; Data processing, analysis; incorporating online databases and spreadsheets. * Student with data processing can immediately check their results and develop immediate in class analysis. * It works 2 3 hours without any electricity. * It is small and has low density and can everybody bring whit themselves. * Greater ability to share, communicate and access students files or vice versa teacher assignments. * Ability to display and demonstrate leaning using a TV monitor or projector in office, or class accessing. * And our laptops have games too, which in bored time we can play their. What are the Disadvantages of laptop? * Laptops are more expensive * Slower than a desktop * Difficult to upgrade or repair * John has to lug it around all day * Much easier to drop or break * It can be easily stolen * If he speed his type the laptop will probably rock on his laptop with his typing which can become quite uncomfortable. How good is it at fulfilling his personal needs? John recommends that laptop users carry out prolonged task with their machine set up on a desk, with an external keyboard a mouse attached. This allows them to adopt a much safer posture, rather than the position a laptop forces them into. John said: having a laptop means that I can work just about anywhere, and he also said: If I go away for the weekend, I can take my work with me, and even do some of it on the train. He uses his laptop computer to see connect it with TV and see some movies, songs, BBC and so on. What is John opinion about laptop using? John said: The use of laptop or notebook computer is widespread and many people use them regularly as part of the work process. Where a laptop is used regularly by people as a significant part of their day-to- day work, then these regulations will apply. In many cases employers will use the one-hour rule i.e. if a laptop is used continually for one hour or more than the employee will be classified as a user. There are three main categories of risk associated with laptop use: 1. Equipment design 2. The environment that they are to be used in. 3. Physical demands upon the use.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Personnel management and human resource management

Personnel management and human resource management Topic â€Å"Personnel Management Human Resource Management the same wine, only different bottle†. Explain clearly, what is meant by the term human resource management, noting the differences and similarities to personnel management. Argue in favor of one approach to managing employees. Introduction In this document we plan to assess how human resource management is different from personnel management, why companies switched from personnel management system to the well known human resource management system, how is HR Management different from Personnel management, and why we chose the HR approach to employees. Human Resource Management Definition There are many definitions of what human resource management is, many people think that there is no difference between the old personnel management practices and the new human resource practices expect the new â€Å"label†, one definition that we think reflects the human resource management of today is : â€Å"Human Resource Management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.† Background All organisations, from small firms to giant corporations, from service companies to hi-tech organisations, engage in human resource management activities. They needs to utilise their resources effectively in order to achieve their objectives and targets. Human Resource Management is an issue of vital concern to all managers, and is the most important resource which employs all other resources to produce the desired outcome of the organisation. Thus the effective deploying of employees is a key element that adds to the competitive advantage of the firm (Molander, 1989). However, as globalisation and growing economic interdependence among nations emerged, along with rapid socio-economic changes and intensifying of the competition between organisations, the management of people increasingly became a critical issue for businesses. Therefore Personnel Management has to ensure that personnel policies and practices are geared to the objectives and strategy of the organisation in order to cope with the turbulent environment and respond to the new business needs and the external threats from the competitors. Consequently, this resulted in perpetual development and change of personnel management. In this respect the language of Human Resource Management has emerged to translate a new term for the management of employees in this active and changing world. However, the literature demonstrates a debate about the ambiguity of differentiating personnel from human resource management. Hendry (1995:55) states that: â€Å"Human Resource Management has gained rapid and widespread acceptance as a new term for managing employment. It remains, however; an ambiguous concept. People question whether it is any different from the traditional personnel management, nor it is clear what it consists in practice†. Some scholars however argue that HRM is an evolution of the process of personnel management (PM) and not a new theory of management employees, for example according to Torrington and Hall (1993:3): â€Å" personnel management is experiencing the biggest change in its history. Many commentators believed that the arrival of human resource management was to be the greatest change in emphasis, but that was no more than re-thinking the process inside the organisation..†. Similarly Guest (1987) also supports this notion by saying that label has changed whilst the content continues to be the same. On the other hand, other writers attempt to make a distinction between HRM and PM. Hendry and Pettigrew (1990:25) state that â€Å"HRM is then a perspective on personnel management, not personnel management itself†. Additionally, they argue that the strategic character of HRM is distinctive. Underpinning this distinction, Legge (1995) identifies three features differentiating HRM from PM where the former is concerned with managerial staff and promotes integrated line management activities, with more focus on senior management being involved in the management of culture. The developing countries are characterised by weak economic, legal and political institutions that lead to corruption, insecurity, conflict and lack of competitiveness in labour, technology and skills. The introduction of trade liberalisation and increased international competition in such conditions can have serious consequences for the infant industries in the developing countries (Stiglitz, 2000). However it is generally claimed that opening to the global markets increases the flow of foreign direct investment into the developing countries, allows them to catch up with the latest technology without need for considerable investment or research, bring capital into the country, build expertise, induce innovation, and thus contribute to the general economic growth. Francois and Schuknecht (2000) provide some empirical evidence that openness to global markets leads to GDP growth. These findings are of course challenged by others. The Term â€Å"Human Resource† comes from 2 different fields, in political economy and economics it is known as labor and it is one of the four factors of production for any establishment. Nowadays â€Å"human resource† is one of the most important departments in any organization, compared to the old days where human resource was seen as a marginal department, where improvement and strategic planning wasnt needed. The Human Resource System started back in the 19th, where two important movements occurred that changed the way companies and industries would treat their workforce, the first two companies in the 19th to do so were Cadbury and Bournville that recognized the importance of looking after their employees, and their families by offering them benefits or services that would help them in their daily work. After the second world war, major companies in the USA that just emerged in the market, started hiring personnel from the military and thus where able to apply new, selections, training, leadership and management development. The role of Human Resource Management shifted throughout the middle of the 20th century, when critics started saying that two different HR systems where created, the â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† systems, where the soft HR system focused on areas such as leadership, cohesion, and loyalty which was seen as an important role in the organization, and the â€Å"hard† side which was the old system of the human resource where organizations still viewed human resource as a marginal department that didnt need improvement and strategic planning, and that employees would be used as commodities. Purpose and Role The purpose and role of human resource management is to maximize the return on investment of the organization from the human capital and to minimize its financial risk, Human resource seeks to achieve the organizations goals and objective by hiring skilled and qualified individuals and by aligning the capabilities of the current workforce, the human resource department must support and respect the workforce and take into account legal and ethical practices. Key Functions The key functions of human resource are to set strategic planning and develop policies and systems to be implemented in a whole range of areas in the organization, such as the following: Recruitment and Selection Organizational design and development Performance, conduct and behavior management Industrial and employee relations Management of workforce personnel data Compensation, rewards and benefits management Training and development Trends and Influences In order for the Human Resource function to know the business environment in which the organization operates, it needs to take into calculation three major trends. Demographics The characteristics of a workforce or population such as gender, age or social status need to taken into consideration, the result of this trend may have an effect on the organization and its policies toward the workforce/employees, such as pension offerings, insurance packages and so on. Diversity The diversity within a workforce or population might also affect the organization and its policies, by diversity we mean race, gender, sexual orientation and so on. As an example organizations of today might notice that the majority of the workforce is made up of â€Å"baby-boomers† or older employees, so the focus of their benefits and policies might also change. Skills and qualifications As todays organizations and industries go from a manual to a more managerial focus, so does the need of organizations to hire highly skilled graduates, in a tight market, meaning that there arent many employees or workforce, organizations and companies might compete for employees by offering them different benefits or rewards. Structure Human resource development is the main structure of this function, where employees are viewed by organizations as assets rather than commodities, where developing the workforce will benefit greatly the organization, and allows its workforce for individual development, where the employee, organization and nation will benefit from this. â€Å"Human resources primary focus is in the growth and employee developmentit emphasizes developing individual potential and skills†. (Elwood, Olton and Trott 1996) Ethical Management This new Human resource practices and function is seen today as a more ethical approach to employee management, where the organization is trying to grow its employees skills and knowledge, rather than using its workforce as commodities, that can be replaced anytime. Differences and Similarities to Personnel Management There have been many debates about whether Personnel Management and Human Resource management is the same thing, just with a different name, but after some research into this matter people came up with some differences between the two functions. Human resource management is focused more on long-term planning, where organizations develop and train their employees for the future benefit of the company, where Personnel management is focused on the short-term planning where employees are treated just as commodities and arent given any or slim training in their respective field, In the planning process human resource management focuses on a proactive and integrated strategic planning, where the department plans for the future of employees and its organization, where personnel management has a more reactive and marginal approach to planning, meaning that organizations that plan to use personnel management see this department as a marginal, not so important and doesnt accord any strategic planning to it. The psychological contract of human resources is focused on commitment, where employees will become committed to their work, throw development of skills or career, thus increasing productivity within the organization, in the other hand, personnel management focuses on compliance, where employees are seen as commodities and are required to do their job and tasks as they are given by the manager without room for personal development. The employee relation in this two workforce management systems are totally different, in human resource management the relation between the employer and the employees is seen as one of the most important in the organization, where employees are the asset of the company, there is high trust between the employer and the employees and they are treated in a unitarist and individual way; where in personnel management, employee relation is focused on a pluralist and collective system, where the organization or personnel management has low trust toward his employees, treating them in a collective perspective. The structure and system of the two functions are different too, where human resources structure is more organic, where teamwork is the focus for the workforce, meaning that the organization takes into consideration the needs of their employees, where the main focus for the organization is the workforce and not the product or service, where in personnel management the spotlights are on the product or service and the its structure is more Bureaucratic, meaning the needs and wants of employees are not taken into consideration by the organization, with pre-defined roles for each employee, and its system is centralized, compared to the human resources individual system and its flexible roles offered to their employees. These two functions are evaluated in different ways too, where in human resource management evaluation is done throw maximum utilization, where organization try to maximize their employee potential rather than cost minimization like in personnel management. Our Point of View For those who recognize a difference between personnel management and human resources, the difference can be described as philosophical. Personnel management is more administrative in nature, dealing with payroll, complying with employment law, and handling related tasks. Human resources, on the other hand, are responsible for managing a workforce as one of the primary resources that contributes to the success of an organization. Our point of view regarding which of these two approaches to employee management is better, is that human resource management is better in the long-run, where personnel management would have an advantage in the short-term and in some industries like manufacturing where people posses no or low skills and knowledge; after reading both meaning and seeing their differences and similarities in their practices we can say that human resources has a more ethical approach to employees and that productivity and performance can be increased throw this function rather than by using personnel management. We chose human resource management because more and more employee are looking for a workplace where their work and family can be related, where he feels needed and where the organization will help him develop his skills and knowledge, throw training and coaching. To some people it might sound like there is no difference between the two functions, as it was said â€Å"the same wine, only different bottle†, but we dont agree with this statement since it can be seen clearly that its a â€Å"new wine, in the same bottle† where the â€Å"wine† defines how the function is structured and what it focuses on and the â€Å"bottle† meaning the organizations goals and objective, as we can see from many big companies like McDonalds or Burger King, human resource management is the way to go. Personnel management can be simply explained as â€Å"Play by rules†. There would be some pre-determined laws, rules and regulations which are supposed to be followed by the workers. If not followed reprimands and punishments would follow. This type of management is best suited for manufacturing industries where the employee education level is low and they are in need of personnel to manage them. On the other hand, human resource management is a type of management where the employees are considered as one of the assets of the company. They are not just considered as means of producing something but they are considered as the key role in the organizations operation. More importance is given to the people than to the rules and regulations here. This set up works well in service based industries where creativity, customer service, knowledge, ideas are employed. When a difference between personnel management and human resources is recognized, human resources are described as much broader in scope than personnel management. Human resources is said to incorporate and develop personnel management tasks, while seeking to create and develop teams of workers for the benefit of the organization. A primary goal of human resources is to enable employees to work to a maximum level of efficiency. Personnel management is often considered an independent function of an organization. Human resource management, on the other hand, tends to be an integral part of overall company function. Personnel management is typically the sole responsibility of an organizations personnel department. With human resources, all of an organizations managers are often involved in some manner, and a chief goal may be to have managers of various departments develop the skills necessary to handle personnel-related tasks. References Cornelius, N. (2001). Human Resource Management. Cornwall: Thomson Learning. G.N, M. (2006). Human Resource Development. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Raffle, J. (2004). Advances in Developing Human Resources Vol 6. Boston: HR Learning. SHRM. (2008, August 23). Society for Human Resource Management. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from SHRM: http://www.shrm.org

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Nurse Occupational Stress Essay -- Health, Nursing, Stress

[2492 final] CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. INTRODUCTION We need to be aware that all stress is not negative. Selye a famous psychologist held for two categories of stress, namely good or desirable stress (eustress) and bad or undesirable stress (distress). Eustress is pleasant, or at least challenging, and it always produced maximization of output. It is evident that without this positive inner stimuli no one can be effective in ones life. Distress is something negative and has no capacity to monitor or control a stress filled event in ones life. Here one fails to control oneself and become a slave to stress causing distress and loss to oneself and to the organization he or she belongs. A physical or psychological response is mandatory to occur stress in any living being. (Middleton, 2009). Occupational stress among the health professionals has been a global problem for years now. It can have an adverse mental and physical health consequences and can lead to decreased satisfaction with one's job. For a small group of employees it can even lead to a burnout and sick leaves. Job stress thus has not only negative consequences on themselves, but also for the organization they work. Estimates are that 10% of the Gross National Product in European countries is lost due to stress related absenteeism and turnover. Although absenteeism' in health care is declining the past few years, it is still high compared to other stressful occupational settings such as education, catering industry or transport (Roy, 2010) The researcher has carried out this study in a private hospital in India named Jubilee Memorial Hospital Thiruvananthapuram. In this study the researcher has focused on the occupational stress of the nurses. ... ...luded. In this section the researcher will closely examine the connection between the objectives, reviewed literature and the findings. Chapter -5: The last section of this research report is recommendation and relevant conclusion. 1.14. CONCLUSION In the modern era, nursing profession is a stressful occupation. This study will critically analyse various sources of the occupational stress of the Nurses and its negative impact on their profession. It is definite that future interventions to prevent stress in nurses will be offered as a standard part of a benefit package within all health care organizations. The researcher is optimistic that the Nursing profession will have decreased amount of stress and a well developed increased coping mechanism which will in turn increase job satisfaction and increased quality work performance in Nursing Care.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Alcoholism :: essays research papers

The following essay will introduce you to pros and cons of drinking. It will also give you a clear understanding in why you shouldn’t drink alcohol. Alcohol is a depressant; it impairs your ability to drive, slows down your reaction time and causes you to make some risky decisions that you wouldn’t normally take. This essay will also help you comprehend how and why things happen, because of alcohol. Alcoholism can kill in many different ways, and in general, people who drink regularly have a higher rate of deaths from injury, violence, and some cancers. The earlier a person begins drinking heavily, the greater their chance of developing serious illnesses later on. Any protection that occurs with moderate alcohol intake appears to be confined to adults over 60 who have risks for heart disease. Adults who drink moderately (about one drink a day) have a lower mortality rate than their non-drinking peers, their risk for untimely death increases with heavier drinking. Alcohol may not cause cancer, but it probably does increase the carcinogenic effects of other substances, such as cigarette smoke. Daily drinking increases the risk for lung, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, urinary tract, liver, brain cancers, and leukemia. About 75% of cancers of the esophagus and 50% of cancers of the mouth, and throat are attributed to alcoholism. (Wine appears to pose less danger for these cancers than beer or hard liquor.) Smoking combined with drinking enhances risks for most of these cancers dramatically. When women consume as little as one drink a day, they may increase their chances of breast cancer by as much as 30%. In the liver, alcohol converts to an even more toxic substance, which can cause substantial damage. Not eating when drinking and consuming a variety of alcoholic beverages are also factors that increase the risk for liver damage. People with alcoholism are also at higher risk for hepatitis B and C, potentially chronic liver diseases than can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. People with alcoholism should be immunized against hepatitis B; they may need a higher-than-normal dose of the vaccine for it to be effective. Alcohol has widespread effects on the brain. The use of alcohol, however, eventually produces depression and confusion. In chronic cases, alcoholism can lead to mental disturbances. Alcohol can also cause milder problems, including headaches (especially after drinking red wine). Except in severe cases, the damage is not permanent and abstinence nearly always leads to recovery of normal mental function.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Liver Cancer

l Liver cancer  or  hepatic cancer  (from the  Greek  hepar, meaning liver) is a  cancer  that originates in the  liver. Liver cancers are malignant tumors that grow on the surface or inside the liver. Liver tumors are discovered on medical imaging equipment (often by accident) or present themselves symptomatically as an abdominal mass,  abdominal pain,  jaundice, nausea or liver dysfunction. [1]  Liver cancers should not be confused with livermetastases, which are cancers that originate from organs elsewhere in the body and migrate to the liver.Hepatocellular carcinoma is cancer of the liver. Causes, incidence, and risk factorsHepatocellular carcinoma accounts for most liver cancers. This type of cancer occurs more often in men than women. It is usually seen in people age 50 or older. However, the age varies in different parts of the world. The disease is more common in parts of Africa and Asia than in North or South America and Europe. Hepatocellular carcinoma is not the same as  metastatic liver cancer, which starts in another organ (such as the breast or colon) and spreads to the liver.In most cases, the cause of liver cancer is usually scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). Cirrhosis may be caused by: Alcohol abuse (the most common cause in the United States) Autoimmune diseases  of the liver Hepatitis B  or  C  virus infection Inflammation of the liver that is long-term (chronic) Iron overload in the body (hemochromatosis) Patients with hepatitis B or C are at risk for liver cancer, even if they have not developed cirrhosis Symptoms Abdominal pain  or tenderness, especially in the upper-right part Easy bruising or bleedingEnlarged abdomen Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) Signs and testsPhysical examination may show an enlarged, tender liver. Tests include: Abdominal CT scan Abdominal ultrasound Liver biopsy Liver enzymes (liver function tests) Liver  MRI Serum alpha fetoprotein Some high-risk patients may get regular blood te sts and ultrasounds to see whether tumors are developing TreatmentAggressive surgery or a liver transplant can successfully treat small or slow-growing tumors if they are diagnosed early. However, few patients are diagnosed early.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sChemotherapy delivered straight into the liver with a catheter can help, but it will not cure the disease. Radiation treatments in the area of the cancer may also be helpful. However, many patients have liver cirrhosis or other liver diseases that make these treatments more difficult. Sorafenib tosylate (Nexavar), an oral medicine that blocks tumor growth, is now approved for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Expectations (prognosis)The usual outcome is poor, because only 10 – 20% of hepatocellular carcinomas can be removed completely using surgery.If the cancer cannot be completely removed, the disease is usually fatal within 3 – 6 months. However, survival can vary, and occasionally people wil l survive much longer than 6 months Complications Gastrointestinal bleeding Liver failure Spread (metastasis) of the cancer PreventionPreventing and treating viral hepatitis may help reduce your risk. Childhood vaccination against hepatitis B may reduce the risk of liver cancer in the future. Avoid drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. Certain patients may benefit from screening for hemochromatosis.If you have chronic hepatitis or known cirrhosis, periodic screening with liver ultrasound or measurement of blood alpha fetoprotein levels may help detect this cancer early. Biasanya pesakit kanser hanya menyedari dia mengidap kanser bila penyakitnya sudah pada peringkat 4. Dan, selalunya keadaan ini dianggap sudah terlalu lewat. Sebenarnya. dari peringkat awal kanser menyerang tubuh kita, tanda-tanda penyakit ini sudah ada tetapi kita sering mengandaikan yang tanda-tanda itu sebagai ‘Tidak apa-apa’, cuma sakit biasa sahaja.Kita pun mengambil langkah ‘bijak’ ki ta sendiri iaitu menelan panadol atau membeli ubat di farmasi. Adakah anda pernah membuat pemeriksaan tahunan seperti ujian colonoscopies atau ujian PSA? Tentu ramai yang menggelengkan kepala. Tidak mengapa kerana meskipun penting, setakat membuat ujian seperti itu belum tentu dapat melindungi anda daripada kanser. Anda tentu tidak mahu menyertai barisan pesakit kanser yang terlambat menyedari, bukan? Jadi, perhatikan perkara-perkara berikut. Mungkinkah ia merupakan penggera awal, notis pemberitahuan bahawa sel-sel kanser sedang mula bertapak dalam tubuh anda? Liver Cancer l Liver cancer  or  hepatic cancer  (from the  Greek  hepar, meaning liver) is a  cancer  that originates in the  liver. Liver cancers are malignant tumors that grow on the surface or inside the liver. Liver tumors are discovered on medical imaging equipment (often by accident) or present themselves symptomatically as an abdominal mass,  abdominal pain,  jaundice, nausea or liver dysfunction. [1]  Liver cancers should not be confused with livermetastases, which are cancers that originate from organs elsewhere in the body and migrate to the liver.Hepatocellular carcinoma is cancer of the liver. Causes, incidence, and risk factorsHepatocellular carcinoma accounts for most liver cancers. This type of cancer occurs more often in men than women. It is usually seen in people age 50 or older. However, the age varies in different parts of the world. The disease is more common in parts of Africa and Asia than in North or South America and Europe. Hepatocellular carcinoma is not the same as  metastatic liver cancer, which starts in another organ (such as the breast or colon) and spreads to the liver.In most cases, the cause of liver cancer is usually scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). Cirrhosis may be caused by: Alcohol abuse (the most common cause in the United States) Autoimmune diseases  of the liver Hepatitis B  or  C  virus infection Inflammation of the liver that is long-term (chronic) Iron overload in the body (hemochromatosis) Patients with hepatitis B or C are at risk for liver cancer, even if they have not developed cirrhosis Symptoms Abdominal pain  or tenderness, especially in the upper-right part Easy bruising or bleedingEnlarged abdomen Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) Signs and testsPhysical examination may show an enlarged, tender liver. Tests include: Abdominal CT scan Abdominal ultrasound Liver biopsy Liver enzymes (liver function tests) Liver  MRI Serum alpha fetoprotein Some high-risk patients may get regular blood te sts and ultrasounds to see whether tumors are developing TreatmentAggressive surgery or a liver transplant can successfully treat small or slow-growing tumors if they are diagnosed early. However, few patients are diagnosed early.Dying of Breast Cancer in the 1800sChemotherapy delivered straight into the liver with a catheter can help, but it will not cure the disease. Radiation treatments in the area of the cancer may also be helpful. However, many patients have liver cirrhosis or other liver diseases that make these treatments more difficult. Sorafenib tosylate (Nexavar), an oral medicine that blocks tumor growth, is now approved for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma Expectations (prognosis)The usual outcome is poor, because only 10 – 20% of hepatocellular carcinomas can be removed completely using surgery.If the cancer cannot be completely removed, the disease is usually fatal within 3 – 6 months. However, survival can vary, and occasionally people wil l survive much longer than 6 months Complications Gastrointestinal bleeding Liver failure Spread (metastasis) of the cancer PreventionPreventing and treating viral hepatitis may help reduce your risk. Childhood vaccination against hepatitis B may reduce the risk of liver cancer in the future. Avoid drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. Certain patients may benefit from screening for hemochromatosis.If you have chronic hepatitis or known cirrhosis, periodic screening with liver ultrasound or measurement of blood alpha fetoprotein levels may help detect this cancer early. Biasanya pesakit kanser hanya menyedari dia mengidap kanser bila penyakitnya sudah pada peringkat 4. Dan, selalunya keadaan ini dianggap sudah terlalu lewat. Sebenarnya. dari peringkat awal kanser menyerang tubuh kita, tanda-tanda penyakit ini sudah ada tetapi kita sering mengandaikan yang tanda-tanda itu sebagai ‘Tidak apa-apa’, cuma sakit biasa sahaja.Kita pun mengambil langkah ‘bijak’ ki ta sendiri iaitu menelan panadol atau membeli ubat di farmasi. Adakah anda pernah membuat pemeriksaan tahunan seperti ujian colonoscopies atau ujian PSA? Tentu ramai yang menggelengkan kepala. Tidak mengapa kerana meskipun penting, setakat membuat ujian seperti itu belum tentu dapat melindungi anda daripada kanser. Anda tentu tidak mahu menyertai barisan pesakit kanser yang terlambat menyedari, bukan? Jadi, perhatikan perkara-perkara berikut. Mungkinkah ia merupakan penggera awal, notis pemberitahuan bahawa sel-sel kanser sedang mula bertapak dalam tubuh anda?

Monday, September 16, 2019

Effect of Enzyme Catalese on Hydrogen Peroxide

Aim: The aim of the Assessment Task 1 is to investigate the effect of 1)temperature, 2)pH and 3)substrate concentration on the action of enzyme such as catalase on hydrogen peroxide. Background knowledge: Enzymes are organic catalysts composed of proteins that assist organisms in facilitating metabolic reactions without undergoing any change themselves. Enzymes are sensitive to their environment and so must remain within a stable range of factors ( pH, temperature , substrate concentration etc) for them to function.Any deviations from this stable state can result in decreased efficiency or even the denaturing (destruction) of the enzyme. What affects enzymes: 1)Temperature- Enzymes stop working if the temperature rises above 40? C. Increasing the temperature alters the 3D shape and so the enzyme can no longer fit the substrate. 2)pH- They work best in neutral conditions neither acidic nor alkaline. 3)Substrate concentration – Increasing the substrate concentration, increases t he activiy of the enzymes till it reaches an optimal point beyond which there is no change in the enzyme acitivity.Catalase Enzyme: The activity of an enzyme can be demonstrated using liver, which contains the enzyme, catalase. Hydrogen peroxide breaks down slowly to form water and oxygen. One molecule of Catalase can deal with six million molecules of Hydrogen Peroxide in 1 minute. This breakdown happens rapidly in the present of the Catalase and Oxygen gas evolves rapidly and can be tested with a glowing splint or rising bubbles (variable). Changes in the temperature, acidity (pH) and concentration of the hydrogen peroxide will affect the rate of the reaction.The control was to have a test tube of just substrate without any enzymes present. The validity would be to test each variable in isolation without mixing any of the 3 variables namely, the pH, temp and substrate concentration. The amount of catalase and hydrogen peroxide will remain the same in all the test tubes. Hypothesis : The hypothesis is that since hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water and oxygen gas because of the enzyme, it is expected that with change in temperature of the catalase, oxygen bubbles would form.Apparatus / Equipment used: -test tubes & test tube racks -pipettes -Tweezers -Ruler -Water baths (for temperature control) -Ice bucket -Thermometer -Beakers -Hotplates -Measuring cylinder -Vinegar -Bi-Carb Soda -pH paper -pH meters Paper towels to cover up spills -Pen and paper to record results Ingredients used: -Liver ( enzyme called catalase) -Hydrogen Peroxide Equipment setup: The test tubes were setup up in a test tube rack. Ice bucket to cool and hot water bucket to warm were also kept in readiness.Experiment 1 (Temperature): Procedure: 1)I put on the work shirt, goggles, gloves and footwear as a safety measure. 2)I chopped up 3 equal pieces of liver. 3)I placed 1 piece of liver into one test tube each. 4)I prepared 3 test tubes each containing 10ml of hydrogen peroxide. 5)I setu p a water baths with 100 Celcius temperature, for temperature control using the thermometer, to ensure the correct temperature was maintained. 6)I placed 2 test tubes containing liver and hydrogen peroxide each into the water bath. )When the correct temperature was reached, I quickly transferred the liver using tweezers into the test tube containing hydrogen peroxide from the same water bath 8)I looked for any oxygen bubbles rising up in the test tube and measured the rise using a ruler 9)I repeated the above steps with 350 Celcius temperature. 10)I repeated the above steps with 350 Celcius temperature. 11)I allowed the test tube contents to cool down before disposing off the liquid waste into the sink with plenty of water and the solid waste contents carefully into the appropriate bin. 12)I rinsed all apparatus used and dried them for future use.Results of Experiment 1: It was observed that with 100 C, the temperature was too low and there was not enough heat for Catalase to cataly se the reaction well. At 350C temperature, the bubbles produced froth and it appeared like all the enzymes were catalyzing reactios. When the temperature rose to 500C, the bubbles went down, indicating that the temperature was too high, resulting in a breakdown of the enzyme called denaturation. The results when plotted resulted in a bell shaped curve. As temperature increases so to does the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules which randomly collide.The frequency of collisions increases as the temperature increases thus initially increasing the rate of reaction. This occurs up to a maximum rate of reaction and the temperature at which the maximum rate of reaction is reached is referred to as the optimum temperature. Beyond the optimum temperature, increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of the molecules to the point that the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme can be lost. Thus the shape of its active site changes and can no longer bind to the substrat e, reducing the rate of reaction beyond the optimum temperature.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Deontology Definition Essay

‘Whilst Deontology has it’s attractions it fails to provide a reliable foundation for moral decision making’ Examine and evaluate this claim (30) Deontology is based upon the actions of a person, not the consequences. The word deontology is derived from the Greek word ‘deontos’. It was developed by Immanuel Kant and it is an absolutist a priori theory, the phrase a priori means it is knowable through experience and absolutist means there are fixed rules that cannot be changed. This means Kant believed the duty of the moral law was unchangeable and through experience, if everyone followed these rules the world would be a better place. Immanuel Kant wrote ‘Critique of Pure reason’ in this book he devised his deontological theory of duty. He believed it is the duty of one to follow the moral law and not judge situations with feelings, inclination, love and compassion. Kant also believed that all humans seek for summum bonum which is the state when all human virtue and happiness are united. To help people on their way to moral decision Immanuel Kant devised the categorical imperative, this is in contrast to the hypothetical imperative. The hypothetical imperative normally starts sentence with an if e.g. if you wish to complete a good essay you must spend time on it, where as a categorical imperative tells you that you should do something, e.g. you should brush your teeth in the morning. This then was devised into three different rules on how to live your life; The Universal Law, Treat Humans as Ends in Themselves and Act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends. Kant’s second principle in the categorical imperative, ‘So act that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other human being, never merely as a means, but always at the same time as an end’ This shows that it could be an attractive theory as it has good intentions in mind. Like many theories, Deontology has its strengths and weaknesses. One of its main strengths is that it is an absolutist theory. This means it is either intrinsically good or bad, e.g. do not commit murder. This is a major strength as it makes an easy theory people to follow. This may attract people towards the theory as it shows guidelines to follow which some people may rely on to make their moral decision making. Another reason why it may attract people is because the rules are fixed so they do not have to question the rules whether they are right or wrong them just have to obey them keeping them in a comfortable position. This makes the theory practical in everyday use and people can depend upon the theory also there is no need to do any calculations. However there are many conflicting views to this strength. One of them is how people can become dependant on the theory. If they become to dependant upon the theory and it does not help them in a situation on moral decision making they may struggle to think of what to do next. WD Ross devised the notion of prima facie duties, this means first appearance. This is when we follow our duty unless there is an overriding obligation, e.g. telling a white lie to make someone feel good about them self. This goes against the principle of duty as you must not lie but you could argue that you will feel morally good about yourself if you make another person feel good. Therefore this does not help is moral decision making as you have conflicting duties. Strength to this theory is that justice is always the absolute. This means only intrinsically right actions are accounted for. This can be seen with Kant’s statement of good will. ‘it is impossible to conceive of anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without qualification, except good will.’ This shows that only good will is the only good we can achieve from the world. By justice being an absolute it means that you cannot justify immoral actions. This is attractive because it shows that by following this theory you will not act unmorally and you will be able to reach that summum bonum as you are fulfilled with good deeds. By not being able to do any intrinsically bad actions this will make people feel it is a reliable theory because if you follow these set rules you will not harm another person. Although it seeks justice, it does not seek the best interest of the majority, this means the minority may feel that justice has been done but on the other hand the majority may feel that justice has not been served. Personally I feel by pleasing the majority I will end up with a better outcome because there will greater happiness, this links in with Utilitarianism and the greatest pleasure over the greatest pain. Another reason why this theory has its flaws is the summum bonum. The summum bonum is the ultimate fulfilment but it can only be achieved by having an immortal soul as it cannot be achieved in the lifetime. This shows links with religion, even though Kant rejected theological arguments with the existence of God. This strikes a problem because not everyone believes in God so how could you follow the theory if you do not believe in his existence. Finally it is to legalistic because it assumes everyone is a law abiding person, people have different intentions so by assuming everyone has the intention of justice is wrong. To see whether is really does fail these reliabilities; we have to compare the strengths with the weaknesses. A weakness to the theory is that there are no limits to what can be universalised. This is because in one person’s state of mind something may seem perfectly fine to another person’s state of mind, e.g. a chronically depressed person. They may feel suicide is perfectly acceptable. This links in with the first law of the categorical imperative ‘Do not act on any principle that cannot be universalised.’ This means moral laws should be taken into account into all situations. Again this is wrong because who is to say one right action is another person’s right action, this makes it very unreliable with moral decision making. However if you take into account what the majority feel is wrong or right you could come to a conclusion on universal rules. This can be seen with rules such as ‘do not commit murder’ as most people do not tolerate that and it is safe to say they do not agree with it. Finally another weakness is that Immanuel Kant starts to argue now ‘is’ to be done but what ‘ought’ to be done, this is known as the Naturalistic Fallacy. This is a weakness because it makes people feel as he is in control and he is telling what should and shouldn’t be done. This is a weakness because Kant has different agreement on morals to another agreement, again he is assuming the masses will agree with this method making unreliable. By Kant saying what ought to be done he is showing what he feels is intrinsically good and that may vary from another. On the other hand by Kant saying he ought instead of is, it shows he is laying down ground rules and some people may like this as they will have rules to follow making it a attractive and reliable moral decision making theory.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Belbins Roles In Learning Education Essay

This study is all about our group work. How we formed the group and completed the work. What jobs we faced and how we overcome them. Theories we used and the acquisition ‘s. My study is divided into 2 parts: A and B. Part A – how we did it – procedure Part B – what we did – contentPart – AngstromWhilst working in the group we experienced so many things, we besides learn how of import group work is. We besides learnt how to work in the group as a squad participant. We besides noticed as a group we had gone through all the phases which are said by B W Tuckman, which is as follows:FORMINGThis is the phase where we formed our group. We were in group â€Å" D † which was formed by our professor indiscriminately and I got the chance to take the group with the common consent of all group members. Our group consist of 6 members and their descriptions are follows:NameBelbin functionsDescriptionStrengthsFailingShatrughna ( raj )squad leaderTeam worker Cares for persons and the squad. Good hearer and works to decide societal jobs. Can hold jobs doing hard determinations. Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic Listens, physiques, averts clash Indecisive in crunch state of affairssVijay SinghCompleter Closer Faithfully sees things through to the terminal, pressing out the furrows and guaranting everything plants good. Can worry excessively much and non trust others. Painstaking, careful and dying Searchs out errors and skips Delivers on clip Inclined to worry overly Unwilling to deputeShervinCo -ordinator Respected leader who helps everyone focal point on their undertaking. Can be seen as overly commanding. Mature, confident, a good president Explains ends, promotes decision-making, delegates good Can frequently be seen as manipulative Off tonss personal workGinsySpecialist Has expert knowledge/skills in cardinal countries and will work out many jobs here. Can be disinterested in all other countries. Single-minded, self-starting, dedicated Provides cognition and accomplishments in rare supply Contributes merely on a narrow forepart Dwells on triflesKayMaker Tonss of energy and action, disputing others to travel forwards. Can be insensitive. Challenging, dynamic and thrives on force per unit area The thrust and bravery to get the better of obstructions Prone to aggravation Offends people ‘s feelingsAZeeshanResource research worker Explores new thoughts and possibilities with energy and with others. Good networker. Can be excessively optimistic and lose energy after the initial flower. Extrovert, enthusiastic, communicative Explores chances Develops contacts Over-optimistic Loses involvement one time initial enthusiasm has passed From the above tabular array we can understand that we had every possible Belbin ‘s characters in our group. Bing the leader of the group I had the duty of our success and failure. My biggest challenge was to maintain integrity within the group and at the same clip I had to concentrate on our undertaking: things like subject, research and all. First thing I did was the debut session, where we all sat together in the canteen and introduced ourselves to each other. In that clip we didnt speak anything about our subject and undertaking. The chief thought was to cognize each other really good so that everyone feels comfy in working together. Following measure was how we will pass on with each other so I made a private web site for our squad where we all can come any clip and unrecorded confab, web log, remark and interchange our thoughts.www.freewebs.com/time4studyLearning:High dependance on leader for counsel and way. Small understanding on squad aims other than received from leader. Individual functions and duties are ill-defined. Leader must be prepared to reply tonss of inquiries about the squad ‘s intent, aims and external relationships. Procedures are frequently ignored. Members test tolerance of system and leader. Leader directs ( similar to Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Telling ‘ manner ) .STORMINGThis is the phase where I realised the importance of Belbin ‘s theory. Before get downing the undertaking we had to take a subject so I came up with several subjects. When I put my thoughts in forepart of everyone, I got different responses from different people, as said in belbin ‘s theory people started demoing their characters. We all were confused, tensed and started sort of contending. Thingss were looking truly bad and I was truly disquieted about the integrity in the group. I besides saw a sort of group formation within our group. Then I personally approached everyone. I spoke to them separately about what ‘s incorrect. What is the job? I tried my best to convert them about the importance of integrity and fortuitously I got a positive response. Actually there was no job ; it ‘s merely the clang of different personalities. And subsequently on everyone realised that. So eventually we decided on one subject and consulted our coach about our thought. We got really good response from our coach and once more we were happy and united.Learning:Decisions do n't come easy within group. Team members vie for place as they attempt to set up themselves in relation to other squad members and the leader, who might have challenges from squad members. Clarity of purpose additions but plentifulness of uncertainnesss persist. Cliques and cabals signifier and there may be power battles. The squad needs to be focused on its ends to avoid going distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Compromises may be required to enable advancement. Leader managers ( similar to Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Selling ‘ manner ) .NORMINGNow everything was clear, there was no misinterpretation and most significantly we knew our subject of research. This is the phase where people started sharing their jobs with each other and recognized my function as a squad leader. Now I wanted to organize everything decently so that we do n't halt in the center. I distributed the work and gave them the option for any alterations. I asked everyone separately if they are happy or non. Again I had to do some alterations in our programs for their convenience. Now, we knew precisely what everyone had to make. Everyone knew their functions, their country of research and work. We all started concentrating on our portion of research.Raj( Research, information assemblage, organizing, accounts, debut and decision, assisting everyone )Vijay( Problems, types, illustrations, impact, planing, )Ginsy( Psychological jobs, impact )Shervin( Solutions and recommendations )ZeeshanHelping custodiesKayHelping custodiesLearning:Agreement and consensus is mostly formed amongst squad, who respond good to facilitation by leader. Roles and duties are clear and accepted. Large determinations are made by group understanding. Smaller determinations may be delegated to persons or little squads within group. Commitment and integrity is strong. The squad may prosecute in merriment and societal activities. The squad discusses and develops its procedures and working manner. There is general regard for the leader and some of leading is more shared by the squad. Leader f acilitates and enables ( similar to the Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Participating ‘ manner ) .ActingUndertakings were given now the clip was to execute and everyone had to demo their quality. Result was flooring. We all shared our work and we all were really happy to see that we were on the right path. Personally, I was really happy to see the quality of our work. Everyone had done tonss of difficult work which was demoing in the research stuff. I had great trouble while finalizing the presentation. I was confused about what to see in the presentation and what should go forth. Fortunately everyone were collaborating and believing about what is best for the group. We finished our presentation and were thirstily waiting for showing it in forepart of everyone.Learning:The squad is more strategically cognizant ; the squad knows clearly what it is making and why it is making. The squad has a shared vision and is able to stand on its ain pess with no intervention or engagemen t from the leader. There is a focal point on over-achieving ends, and the squad makes most of the determinations against standards agreed with the leader. The squad has a high grade of liberty. Disagreements occur but now they are resolved within the squad positively and necessary alterations to procedures and construction are made by the squad. The squad is able to work towards accomplishing the end, and besides to go to to relationship, manner and procedure issues along the manner. Team members look after each other. The squad requires delegated undertakings and undertakings from the leader. The squad does non necessitate to be instructed or assisted. Team members might inquire for aid from the leader with personal and interpersonal development. Leader delegates and oversees ( similar to the Situational LeadershipA ® ‘Delegating ‘ manner ) .ADJOURNINGLearning:Tuckman ‘s 5th phase, Adjourning, is the break-up of the group, hopefully when the undertaking is compl eted successfully, its intent fulfilled ; everyone can travel on to new things, experiencing good about what ‘s been achieved. From an organisational position, acknowledgment of and sensitiveness to people ‘s exposures in Tuckman ‘s 5th phase is helpful, peculiarly if members of the group have been closely bonded and experience a sense of insecurity or menace from this alteration. Feelingss of insecurity would be natural for people with high ‘steadiness ‘ properties ( as respects the ‘four dispositions ‘ or DISC theoretical account ) and with strong modus operandi and empathy manner ( as respects theA BenzigerA believing manners theoretical account, right and left basal encephalon laterality ) .Part – BacillusWhat is our subject? Our subject of presentation and research was â€Å" employee favoritism † Why we chose this subject? While analyzing human resources we noticed that we did n't discourse about diverseness and favoritism and this is the biggest job faced by all administrations because of globalization. We thought this is a alone subject and everyone will acquire the opportunity to larn how favoritism impacts and what is the solution. After all today or tomorrow we all are traveling to confront this job.My part:As a squad leader I had to take the enterprise and inspire others from my work. I started posting my work on our web site. I did research on – Diversity and favoritism, Meaning and definitions London as a diverse metropolis Problems and impact Solutions and recommendations Laws and moralss My entire work was around 10,000 words. ( Can be viewed on our web site ) hypertext transfer protocol: //time4study.webs.com/apps/blog/My work methodological analysis:Undertakingaˆ? specify the undertaking aˆ? make the program aˆ? allocate work and resources aˆ? control quality and rate of work aˆ? cheque public presentation against program aˆ? adjust the programTeamaˆ? maintain subject aˆ? physique squad spirit aˆ? encourage, motivate, give a sense of intent aˆ? appoint sub-leaders aˆ? guarantee communicating within group aˆ? develop the groupMembershipSize of the groupCompatibility of membersDiversenessIndividualaˆ? attend to personal jobs aˆ? congratulations persons aˆ? give position aˆ? recognize and utilize single abilities aˆ? develop the personCardinal Drivers:Group coherence + public presentationStructure and mannerManagement and leadingSuccessExternal menaceWork environmentNature ofthe undertakingPhysicalputingCommunicationTechnologyGroup development and adulthoodFormingRampingNormingPerformingLearning as Team leader:Learning as team leader:Ideal taking mannerAsking inquiries alternatively of giving repliesBy inquiring such inquiries such as â€Å" What do you believe we should make? † or â€Å" How make you propose we continue? † you take a measure behind another individual. Whether you stay behind, of class, depends on your purpose to really follow the suggestion or reply of that other individual.Supplying chances for others to take youThis goes beyond the traditional impression of looking for growing chances for other people. Unless the chance in inquiry bears a existent hazard for your personal public presentation result, you are non really positioning yourself as a follower.Ma king existent work in support of others alternatively of merely the contraryRolling up your arms and lending â€Å" perspiration equity † to the attempts and results of other people earns you their grasp as person upon whom they can depend, irrespective of the comparative hierarchical or functional place each of you holds.Leader must follow are:Individual public presentationAs a leader, you must follow another person, irrespective of hierarchy, if: aˆ? That person, through experience, accomplishment, and opinion, knows best. aˆ? That person ‘s growing demands that you invest more in his or her accomplishment and assurance than in your ain. aˆ? Merely that single, non you, has the capacity ( the clip and chance ) to â€Å" acquire it done †Team public presentationAs a leader, you must follow the squad if: aˆ? The squad ‘s intent and public presentation ends demand it aˆ? The squad, non you, must develop accomplishments and assurance aˆ? The squad ‘s agreed-upon working attack requires you, like all the others, to make existent workOrganizational public presentationAs a leader, you must follow others, irrespective of hierarchy, if: aˆ? The organisation ‘s intent and public presentation ends demand it aˆ? The demand for spread outing the leading capacity of others in the organisation requires it aˆ? â€Å" Living † the vision and values enjoins you to make soFive transformational manners:Transformational StyleLeader Behaviour1 ) Idealized Behaviors: populating one ‘s ideals aˆ? Talk about their most of import values and beliefs aˆ? Specify the importance of holding a strong sense of intent aˆ? See the moral and ethical effects of determinations aˆ? Champion exciting new possibilities aˆ? Talk about the importance of swearing each other2 ) Inspirational Motivation:animating others aˆ? Talk optimistically about the hereafter aˆ? Talk enthusiastically about what needs to be accomplished aˆ? Articulate a compelling vision of the hereafter aˆ? Express assurance that ends will be achieved aˆ? Provide an exciting image of what is indispensable to see aˆ? Take a base on controversial issues3 ) Intellectual Stimulation:exciting others aˆ? Re-examine critical premises to oppugn whether they are appropriate aˆ? Seek differing positions when work outing jobs aˆ? Get others to look at jobs from many different angles aˆ? Suggest new ways of looking at how to finish assignments aˆ? Encourage non-traditional thought to cover with traditional jobs aˆ? Encourage rethinking those thoughts which have ne'er been questioned before 4 ) Individualized Consideration: coaching and development aˆ? Spend clip instruction and coaching aˆ? Treat others as persons instead than merely as members of the group aˆ? Consider persons as holding different demands, abilities, and aspirations from others aˆ? Help others to develop their strengths aˆ? Listen attentively to others ‘ concerns aˆ? Promote ego development5 ) Idealized Properties:Respect, trust, and religion aˆ? Instill pride in others for being associated with them aˆ? Go beyond their opportunisms for the good of the group aˆ? Act in ways that build others ‘ regard aˆ? Display a sense of power and competency aˆ? Make personal forfeits for others ‘ benefit aˆ? Reassure others that obstructions will be overcomeDecisionAlthough non every group got to the harmonic public presentation phase, I felt really lucky to be portion of a cohesive group. Our group went through all five phases described by Tuckman. As we were schoolmates in the same class, we went through phase one really rapidly. The storming phase largely evolved in the first hebdomad when we discussed which sort of subject we should take. However, every struggle was dealt with rapidly and swimmingly, this was partially because we knew each other really good already, and besides because no 1 of us had a ascendant personality, and I would wish to state everyone in our group was really nice, helpful and difficult working. So every bit long as we decided to make the undertaking, we shortly engaged to norming phase and put up the regulations each one should follow. We did back up each other, and our communicating had ever been really good. Based on the successful old phases, our g roup performed really good, successfully developed the presentation. Finally, although our undertaking had finished, all five of us became really good friends, and maintain in good touch boulder clay now. After reexamining the theories together with my ain experience, I would reason that, in pattern, many groups can work good even without consciousness of this theoretical account. However, with these theoretical accounts ‘ aid, we can break understand what is go oning and traveling to go on during group development, and this consciousness can assist us to better decide any possible jobs and acquire to the perform phase more rapidly.